{"id":62739,"date":"2024-02-19T14:27:54","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T05:27:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/?p=62739"},"modified":"2024-03-01T15:21:02","modified_gmt":"2024-03-01T06:21:02","slug":"minors-responsibility-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/internet\/minors-responsibility-law","title":{"rendered":"Se produce responsabilitatea pentru daune chiar dac\u0103 autorul def\u0103im\u0103rii este minor?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Problema def\u0103im\u0103rii pe internet este \u00een cre\u0219tere, \u00een special \u00een r\u00e2ndul tinerilor, at\u00e2t ca victime c\u00e2t \u0219i ca agresori. \u00cen special, exist\u0103 multe probleme \u00eentre v\u00e2rstele de 12 \u0219i 18 ani, iar acest lucru este considerat o problem\u0103 din cauza &#8220;nivelului sc\u0103zut de alfabetizare pe internet&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chiar dac\u0103 sunt minori, dac\u0103 \u00eencalc\u0103 drepturile altora prin def\u0103imare, vor fi pedepsi\u021bi la fel ca adul\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acest articol prezint\u0103 \u00een detaliu cum sunt judecate \u00een instan\u021b\u0103 cazurile \u00een care agresorul def\u0103im\u0103rii pe internet este minor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/internet\/minors-responsibility-law\/#Cazul_de_defaimare_a_unui_avocat_de_catre_un_elev_de_gimnaziu\" title=\"Cazul de def\u0103imare a unui avocat de c\u0103tre un elev de gimnaziu\">Cazul de def\u0103imare a unui avocat de c\u0103tre un elev de gimnaziu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/internet\/minors-responsibility-law\/#Desfasurarea_procesului\" title=\"Desf\u0103\u0219urarea procesului\">Desf\u0103\u0219urarea procesului<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/internet\/minors-responsibility-law\/#Argumentele_inculpatului_si_ale_reclamantului\" title=\"Argumentele inculpatului \u0219i ale reclamantului\">Argumentele inculpatului \u0219i ale reclamantului<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/internet\/minors-responsibility-law\/#Judecata_instantei\" title=\"Judecata instan\u021bei\">Judecata instan\u021bei<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/internet\/minors-responsibility-law\/#Cazul_de_defaimare_intre_colegii_de_la_aceeasi_scoala_de_studenti\" title=\"Cazul de def\u0103imare \u00eentre colegii de la aceea\u0219i \u0219coal\u0103 de studen\u021bi\">Cazul de def\u0103imare \u00eentre colegii de la aceea\u0219i \u0219coal\u0103 de studen\u021bi<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/internet\/minors-responsibility-law\/#Desfasurarea_procesului-2\" title=\"Desf\u0103\u0219urarea procesului\">Desf\u0103\u0219urarea procesului<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/internet\/minors-responsibility-law\/#Judecata_instantei-2\" title=\"Judecata instan\u021bei\">Judecata instan\u021bei<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/internet\/minors-responsibility-law\/#Rezumat\" title=\"Rezumat\">Rezumat<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cazul_de_defaimare_a_unui_avocat_de_catre_un_elev_de_gimnaziu\"><\/span>Cazul de def\u0103imare a unui avocat de c\u0103tre un elev de gimnaziu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/minors-responsibility-law6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18082\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A existat un caz \u00een care un avocat, care era \u0219i student la studii postuniversitare \u00een timp ce lucra, a cerut desp\u0103gubiri unui elev de gimnaziu de clasa a 8-a care a postat def\u0103im\u0103ri pe un forum, prejudiciindu-i onoarea lui \u0219i a celor asocia\u021bi cu el.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Desfasurarea_procesului\"><\/span>Desf\u0103\u0219urarea procesului<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen data de 9 mai 2015 (anul 27 al erei Heisei), \u00eentre orele 16:08 \u0219i 16:46, inculpatul a postat de zeci de ori comentarii def\u0103im\u0103toare pe forumul Shitaraba. Mai precis, el a indicat fapte false precum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;A agresat clientul care i-a solicitat ap\u0103rarea&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;A turnat ap\u0103 fierbinte pe un subaltern care a \u00eent\u00e2rziat&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Are antecedente penale&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0219i a aruncat cuvinte cu o imagine negativ\u0103 puternic\u0103 precum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Incompetent&#8221;, &#8220;Rahat&#8221;, &#8220;Gunoi&#8221;, &#8220;Arestat&#8221;, &#8220;Criminal&#8221;, &#8220;Necalificat ca avocat&#8221;, &#8220;Pedeapsa cu moartea&#8221;, &#8220;Evadat&#8221;, &#8220;Demitere disciplinar\u0103&#8221;, &#8220;Mu\u0219amalizare&#8221;, &#8220;Fric\u0103&#8221;, &#8220;Pericol&#8221;, &#8220;Cump\u0103rare&#8221;, &#8220;Pornografie infantil\u0103&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>sc\u0103z\u00e2nd evaluarea social\u0103 a reclamantului \u0219i obstruc\u021bion\u00e2ndu-i activitatea de avocat, \u0219i a fost cerut\u0103 desp\u0103gubire pentru daune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Argumentele_inculpatului_si_ale_reclamantului\"><\/span>Argumentele inculpatului \u0219i ale reclamantului<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Argumentele reclamantului \u0219i ale inculpatului sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(Argumentul inculpatului)<br>La data de 9 mai 2015 (anul 27 al erei Heisei), c\u00e2nd inculpatul a comis actul ilegal \u00een cauz\u0103, era un elev de gimnaziu de 13 ani. Prin urmare, nu se poate spune c\u0103 avea capacitatea de a judeca la fel ca un adult, \u0219i, de asemenea, inculpatul nu are deloc capacitatea de a pl\u0103ti. (&#8230;) Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere capacitatea de judecat\u0103 a inculpatului, nu se poate spune c\u0103 avea o \u00een\u021belegere suficient\u0103 a misiunii sociale a avocatului, \u0219i, prin urmare, nu se poate spune c\u0103 ilegalitatea este mare.<br><\/p>\n<cite>Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea Tribunalului Districtual Tokyo, 21 iunie 2016 (anul 28 al erei Heisei)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(Argumentul reclamantului)<br>Reclamantul recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 inculpatul avea 13 ani \u0219i era \u00een clasa a 8-a la momentul post\u0103rilor \u00een cauz\u0103, dar, la v\u00e2rsta de 13 ani, \u00een mod normal, are capacitatea de a \u00een\u021belege responsabilitatea propriilor ac\u021biuni. \u00cen plus, prezen\u021ba sau absen\u021ba capacit\u0103\u021bii de plat\u0103 nu influen\u021beaz\u0103 dac\u0103 actul a fost ilegal sau evaluarea sumei de desp\u0103gubire.<\/p>\n<cite>Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea Tribunalului Districtual Tokyo, 21 iunie 2016 (anul 28 al erei Heisei)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Contestarea a fost c\u00e2t de mult\u0103 responsabilitate ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 un minor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judecata_instantei\"><\/span>Judecata instan\u021bei<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Instan\u021ba a recunoscut def\u0103imarea, afirm\u00e2nd c\u0103 &#8220;con\u021binutul post\u0103rii scade evaluarea social\u0103 a reclamantului&#8221;, \u0219i, \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te v\u00e2rsta inculpatului,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u00cen momentul post\u0103rilor \u00een cauz\u0103, inculpatul era un elev de gimnaziu de 13 ani, dar se poate considera c\u0103, comparativ cu un adult, un minor de aceast\u0103 v\u00e2rst\u0103 are o capacitate inferioar\u0103 de a face judec\u0103\u021bi adecvate din cauza lipsei de experien\u021b\u0103 social\u0103, pe de alt\u0103 parte, se poate considera c\u0103 a crescut suficient pentru a \u00een\u021belege abstract ce fel de munc\u0103 face un avocat. (&#8230;) \u00cen plus, \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te capacitatea de plat\u0103 a inculpatului, nu se poate spune c\u0103 influen\u021beaz\u0103 suma desp\u0103gubirii \u00een acest caz.<\/p>\n<cite>Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea Tribunalului Districtual Tokyo, 21 iunie 2016 (anul 28 al erei Heisei)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0219i a acceptat argumentul reclamantului, ordon\u00e2nd inculpatului s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 o desp\u0103gubire de 400.000 de yeni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cazul_de_defaimare_intre_colegii_de_la_aceeasi_scoala_de_studenti\"><\/span>Cazul de def\u0103imare \u00eentre colegii de la aceea\u0219i \u0219coal\u0103 de studen\u021bi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/minors-responsibility-law7.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18085\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A existat un caz \u00een care un elev de clasa a 9-a care frecventa aceea\u0219i \u0219coal\u0103 a fost acuzat de postarea unui comentariu def\u0103im\u0103tor pe un forum anonim, prejudiciind reputa\u021bia social\u0103 a reclamantului, care a cerut desp\u0103gubiri pentru comportamentul ilegal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Desfasurarea_procesului-2\"><\/span>Desf\u0103\u0219urarea procesului<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u0219i inculpatul \u0219i reclamantul nu au avut o conversa\u021bie direct\u0103, am\u00e2ndoi frecventau aceea\u0219i \u0219coal\u0103 de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare a limbii engleze. Inculpatul a aflat despre existen\u021ba blogului operat de reclamant de la un alt student. Nu a fost impresionat de con\u021binutul acestuia \u0219i a \u00eenceput s\u0103 posteze comentarii def\u0103im\u0103toare pe forumul anonim \u00eempreun\u0103 cu cunoscu\u021bii s\u0103i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Acest tip pare c\u0103 vrea s\u0103 fie expus pe site-ul \u25cb\u25cb. Se laud\u0103 \u0219i asta m\u0103 enerveaz\u0103 foarte mult. Te rog, distruge-l.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Distruge blogul acestui tip&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen scop de h\u0103r\u021buire, a postat comentarii care \u00eencurajau comportamentul de trolling \u00eentr-un thread intitulat &#8220;Expunerea copiilor durero\u0219i&#8221; \u0219i a postat con\u021binut fals, precum &#8220;o persoan\u0103 cu o percep\u021bie moral\u0103 sexual\u0103 slab\u0103 care face sex cu oricine&#8221;, dup\u0103 ce a dezv\u0103luit numele \u0219colii medii \u0219i anul de studiu al reclamantului, precum \u0219i numele acestuia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judecata_instantei-2\"><\/span>Judecata instan\u021bei<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, instan\u021ba a recunoscut c\u0103 postarea \u00een cauz\u0103 a prejudiciat clar reputa\u021bia social\u0103 a reclamantului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te v\u00e2rsta inculpatului, instan\u021ba a judecat astfel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Postarea articolului \u00een cauz\u0103 pare s\u0103 fi fost cauzat\u0103 de resentimentul unui elev de aceea\u0219i v\u00e2rst\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de blogul reclamantului \u0219i poate fi evaluat\u0103 ca o manifestare a pericolelor de a se implica \u00een societatea online la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 fraged\u0103, \u0219i se poate vedea c\u0103 inculpatul, care este imatur at\u00e2t fizic c\u00e2t \u0219i mental, a ac\u021bionat \u00een func\u021bie de emo\u021biile sale temporare.<\/p>\n<cite>Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea Tribunalului Districtual Tokyo, 20 decembrie 2012 (Anul 2012 \u00een calendarul gregorian)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen acest fel, instan\u021ba a considerat c\u0103 a fost o neglijen\u021b\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de imaturitatea v\u00e2rstei \u0219i a urm\u0103rit cu stricte\u021be responsabilitatea, ordon\u00e2nd plata a 500.000 de yeni pentru daune morale, 200.000 de yeni pentru costurile de investiga\u021bie, 70.000 de yeni pentru costurile avocatului, \u00een total 770.000 de yeni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-and-decline-in-social-reputation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-and-decline-in-social-reputation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rezumat\"><\/span>Rezumat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 riscul ca tinerii care nu pot face \u00eenc\u0103 o judecat\u0103 corect\u0103 \u00eentre bine \u0219i r\u0103u s\u0103 scrie pe internet, lu\u00e2nd ca adev\u0103rat\u0103 orice informa\u021bie pe care o g\u0103sesc, pur \u0219i simplu urm\u00e2ndu-\u0219i emo\u021biile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chiar dac\u0103 ac\u021biunea a fost luat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 prea mult\u0103 g\u00e2ndire, responsabilitatea pentru \u00eenc\u0103lcarea drepturilor altora este grav\u0103 \u0219i nu se poate evita responsabilitatea doar pentru c\u0103 este minor. Exist\u0103 posibilitatea s\u0103 fie cerut\u0103 desp\u0103gubire prin proces. V\u00e2rsta minim\u0103 pentru recunoa\u0219terea responsabilit\u0103\u021bii este, \u00een general, \u00eentre 11 \u0219i 14 ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 a\u021bi fost victima def\u0103im\u0103rii de c\u0103tre un minor, consulta\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil cu un avocat specializat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problema def\u0103im\u0103rii pe internet este \u00een cre\u0219tere, \u00een special \u00een r\u00e2ndul tinerilor, at\u00e2t ca victime c\u00e2t \u0219i ca agresori. \u00cen special, exist\u0103 multe probleme \u00eentre v\u00e2rstele de 12 \u0219i 18 ani, iar acest lucru  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62739"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62739"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62739\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64827,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62739\/revisions\/64827"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62739"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62739"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}