{"id":62863,"date":"2024-02-19T14:27:58","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T05:27:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/?p=62863"},"modified":"2024-02-29T12:11:06","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T03:11:06","slug":"default-force-majeure-coronavirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus","title":{"rendered":"Ce este clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 \u0219i neexecutarea datoriilor cauzat\u0103 de noul coronavirus?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>De la \u00eenceputul anului 2020 (Gregorian), boala infec\u021bioas\u0103 cu noul coronavirus (COVID-19) a f\u0103cut ravagii \u00een \u00eentreaga lume.<br> Odat\u0103 cu r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea noului coronavirus, exist\u0103 posibilitatea ca, de exemplu, \u00een cadrul activit\u0103\u021bilor de dezvoltare a sistemelor, dezvoltatorii s\u0103 se infecteze \u0219i s\u0103 fie nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eenceteze brusc s\u0103 se prezinte la munc\u0103.<br> \u0218i atunci, nu sunt pu\u021bini managerii de companii care se \u00eentreab\u0103 ce ar trebui s\u0103 fac\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se confrunt\u0103 cu o criz\u0103, cum ar fi \u00eent\u00e2rzierea dezvolt\u0103rii sistemului \u0219i incapacitatea de a respecta termenele stabilite prin contract, ca urmare a acestei situa\u021bii.<br><br> Exist\u0103 o clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 care ia \u00een considerare astfel de situa\u021bii.<br> \u00cen contractele de dezvoltare a sistemelor, se presupune c\u0103 aceast\u0103 clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 este stabilit\u0103 \u00een multe cazuri, dar dac\u0103 se aplic\u0103 \u00een realitate \u00een cazul noului coronavirus trebuie s\u0103 fie judecat individual. Prin urmare, vom analiza \u00een detaliu ce este clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 \u0219i dac\u0103 aceasta poate fi aplicat\u0103 \u00een cazul \u00een care nu se poate \u00eendeplini obliga\u021bia contractual\u0103 din cauza bolii infec\u021bioase cu noul coronavirus.<br><br> De asemenea, pentru responsabilitatea legal\u0103 general\u0103 pentru \u00eent\u00e2rzierea contractului de dezvoltare a sistemului, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi articolul de mai jos pentru o explica\u021bie detaliat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/performance-delay-in-system-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/performance-delay-in-system-development[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Ce_este_o_clauza_de_forta_majora\" title=\"Ce este o clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103?\">Ce este o clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Ce_este_forta_majora\" title=\"Ce este for\u021ba major\u0103?\">Ce este for\u021ba major\u0103?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Exemplu_de_prevedere_a_clauzei_de_forta_majora\" title=\"Exemplu de prevedere a clauzei de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103\">Exemplu de prevedere a clauzei de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Aspecte_de_luat_in_considerare_in_aplicarea_clauzei_de_forta_majora\" title=\"Aspecte de luat \u00een considerare \u00een aplicarea clauzei de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103\">Aspecte de luat \u00een considerare \u00een aplicarea clauzei de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Aplicabilitatea_fortei_majore\" title=\"Aplicabilitatea for\u021bei majore\">Aplicabilitatea for\u021bei majore<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Relatia_de_cauzalitate_intre_forta_majora_si_neindeplinirea_obligatiilor\" title=\"Rela\u021bia de cauzalitate \u00eentre for\u021ba major\u0103 \u0219i ne\u00eendeplinirea obliga\u021biilor\">Rela\u021bia de cauzalitate \u00eentre for\u021ba major\u0103 \u0219i ne\u00eendeplinirea obliga\u021biilor<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Exemple_de_jurisprudenta_privind_forta_majora\" title=\"Exemple de jurispruden\u021b\u0103 privind for\u021ba major\u0103\">Exemple de jurispruden\u021b\u0103 privind for\u021ba major\u0103<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Colapsul_economiei_de_tip_balon\" title=\"Colapsul economiei de tip balon\">Colapsul economiei de tip balon<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Daunele_cauzate_de_inundatiile_severe\" title=\"Daunele cauzate de inunda\u021biile severe\">Daunele cauzate de inunda\u021biile severe<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Abordarea_instantelor_cu_privire_la_forta_majora\" title=\"Abordarea instan\u021belor cu privire la for\u021ba major\u0103\">Abordarea instan\u021belor cu privire la for\u021ba major\u0103<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Aspecte_de_luat_in_considerare_atunci_cand_se_stabileste_o_noua_clauza_de_forta_majora\" title=\"Aspecte de luat \u00een considerare atunci c\u00e2nd se stabile\u0219te o nou\u0103 clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103\">Aspecte de luat \u00een considerare atunci c\u00e2nd se stabile\u0219te o nou\u0103 clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Rezumat\" title=\"Rezumat\">Rezumat<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Informatii_despre_crearea_si_revizuirea_contractelor_de_catre_biroul_nostru_juridic\" title=\"Informa\u021bii despre crearea \u0219i revizuirea contractelor de c\u0103tre biroul nostru juridic\">Informa\u021bii despre crearea \u0219i revizuirea contractelor de c\u0103tre biroul nostru juridic<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_este_o_clauza_de_forta_majora\"><\/span>Ce este o clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/shutterstock_560581471-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8732\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Ce este for\u021ba major\u0103? Vom explica \u0219i vom da exemple \u00een acest sens.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_este_forta_majora\"><\/span>Ce este for\u021ba major\u0103?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For\u021ba major\u0103 se refer\u0103 la evenimente externe care nu pot fi controlate de p\u0103r\u021bile contractante.<br>Exemple tipice includ dezastre naturale precum taifunuri, cutremure, inunda\u021bii, tsunami, dar \u0219i fenomene sociale precum r\u0103zboaie, revolte, terorism.<br>De asemenea, se poate spune c\u0103 adesea includ \u0219i apari\u021bia de boli, cum ar fi r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea recent\u0103 a noului coronavirus.<br>\u00cen dreptul japonez, dac\u0103 nu se \u00eendepline\u0219te obliga\u021bia contractual\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la termenul stabilit, se poate solicita desp\u0103gubire pentru neexecutare, dar dac\u0103 neexecutarea nu se datoreaz\u0103 unei cauze imputabile p\u0103r\u021bii, aceasta este scutit\u0103 de r\u0103spundere.<br> Apari\u021bia unei cauze de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103, a\u0219a cum este definit\u0103 \u00een clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103, este exact un astfel de caz \u00een care nu exist\u0103 o cauz\u0103 imputabil\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exemplu_de_prevedere_a_clauzei_de_forta_majora\"><\/span>Exemplu de prevedere a clauzei de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 diverse variante de formulare a clauzei de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103, dar \u00een mod tipic, aceasta arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">Articolul \u25cb (For\u021b\u0103 major\u0103)<br> Dac\u0103 una dintre p\u0103r\u021bile contractante \u00eent\u00e2rzie sau nu poate \u00eendeplini obliga\u021biile contractuale din cauza circumstan\u021belor prev\u0103zute \u00een urm\u0103toarele puncte, aceasta nu va fi responsabil\u0103:<br> (1) Dezastre naturale, incendii \u0219i explozii<br> (2) Boli contagioase<br> (3) R\u0103zboi \u0219i revolt\u0103 intern\u0103<br> (4) Revolu\u021bie \u0219i divizare a statului<br> (5) Ordine administrative de la autorit\u0103\u021bi<br> (6) Revolte<br> (7) Alte situa\u021bii similare cu cele de mai sus<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2nd se stabile\u0219te o clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 \u00een contract, este obi\u0219nuit s\u0103 se enumere \u00een mod specific cauzele care constituie for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103, a\u0219a cum se arat\u0103 \u00een exemplul de clauz\u0103 de mai sus, \u0219i s\u0103 se prevad\u0103 o clauz\u0103 de tip &#8220;catch-all&#8221; (cuprinz\u0103toare) pentru a acoperi cauzele care nu se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een cele enumerate.<br><br>Atunci c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 o clauz\u0103 de tip &#8220;catch-all&#8221;, se interpreteaz\u0103 c\u0103 cauzele enumerate \u00een mod specific sunt doar exemplificative \u0219i nu sunt limitative, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 se poat\u0103 ajunge la o solu\u021bie flexibil\u0103 \u00een cazul apari\u021biei unei situa\u021bii neprev\u0103zute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aspecte_de_luat_in_considerare_in_aplicarea_clauzei_de_forta_majora\"><\/span>Aspecte de luat \u00een considerare \u00een aplicarea clauzei de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/shutterstock_1674342475-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8736\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Care sunt condi\u021biile pentru aplicarea clauzei de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 \u00een cazul pandemiei de COVID-19? <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen cazul \u00een care ne\u00eendeplinirea obliga\u021biilor contractuale este cauzat\u0103 de pandemia de COVID-19, aplicarea clauzei de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 va fi evaluat\u0103 individual pentru fiecare contract. <br>Pentru ca clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 s\u0103 fie aplicabil\u0103, se consider\u0103 c\u0103 trebuie \u00eendeplinite urm\u0103toarele dou\u0103 condi\u021bii:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Evenimentul s\u0103 fie considerat &#8220;for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u0103 existe o rela\u021bie de cauzalitate \u00eentre for\u021ba major\u0103 \u0219i ne\u00eendeplinirea obliga\u021biilor<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aplicabilitatea_fortei_majore\"><\/span>Aplicabilitatea for\u021bei majore<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen cazul \u00een care clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 include &#8220;epidemii&#8221; sau &#8220;boli contagioase&#8221; ca motive enumerate, s-ar putea crede c\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea noului virus este \u00een mod evident o &#8220;epidemie&#8221; sau &#8220;boal\u0103 contagioas\u0103&#8221; \u0219i c\u0103, prin urmare, clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 se aplic\u0103 \u00een mod natural. <br> Cu toate acestea, trebuie s\u0103 re\u021binem c\u0103 nu este neap\u0103rat adev\u0103rat c\u0103 o nou\u0103 epidemie de virus se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een &#8220;boli&#8221; sau &#8220;boli contagioase&#8221; prev\u0103zute de clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103, nu doar \u00een acest caz. <br> A\u0219a cum am explicat la \u00eenceput, for\u021ba major\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 fie un eveniment la un nivel care nu poate fi controlat de p\u0103r\u021bile contractante. <br> \u00cen caz contrar, nu se poate justifica scutirea de obliga\u021biile contractuale. <br> Prin urmare, pentru ca r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea noului virus s\u0103 fie considerat\u0103 un caz de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103, este necesar ca, de exemplu, fabricile sau cl\u0103dirile de birouri esen\u021biale pentru \u00eendeplinirea contractului s\u0103 fie \u00eenchise complet din cauza r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii infec\u021biei, sau s\u0103 apar\u0103 accidente grave \u00een liniile de comunica\u021bii \u0219i lucr\u0103rile s\u0103 nu poat\u0103 progresa conform planului, sau ca aprovizionarea cu materiale necesare pentru \u00eendeplinirea contractului s\u0103 fie complet imposibil\u0103 din cauza stagn\u0103rii logisticii, situa\u021bii care nu pot fi controlate prin eforturile p\u0103r\u021bilor contractante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, \u00een cazul \u00een care exist\u0103 alternative, cum ar fi faptul c\u0103, de\u0219i pre\u021bul materialelor necesare a crescut din cauza r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii noului virus, acestea pot fi achizi\u021bionate la pre\u021buri ridicate, sau c\u0103, de\u0219i locul de munc\u0103 folosit pentru dezvoltarea sistemului a fost \u00eenchis, fiecare persoan\u0103 poate continua s\u0103 lucreze de acas\u0103 prin introducerea muncii la distan\u021b\u0103, se poate spune c\u0103 este foarte probabil ca aceasta s\u0103 nu fie recunoscut\u0103 ca for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103, deoarece poate fi controlat\u0103 prin eforturile p\u0103r\u021bilor contractante. <br> \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea actual\u0103 a noului coronavirus, \u00een cazuri precum \u00eent\u00e2rzierea livr\u0103rilor datorit\u0103 restric\u021biilor de logistic\u0103 cauzate de declara\u021bia de urgen\u021b\u0103 emis\u0103 de stat, sau incapacitatea de a efectua lucr\u0103rile necesare pentru \u00eendeplinirea contractului din cauza unei interdic\u021bii subite de ie\u0219ire, este adesea considerat c\u0103 aceasta este o for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103, deoarece este dificil de controlat prin judecata sau eforturile p\u0103r\u021bilor contractante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relatia_de_cauzalitate_intre_forta_majora_si_neindeplinirea_obligatiilor\"><\/span>Rela\u021bia de cauzalitate \u00eentre for\u021ba major\u0103 \u0219i ne\u00eendeplinirea obliga\u021biilor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru a fi scutite de obliga\u021biile contractuale pe baza for\u021bei majore, este necesar\u0103 o rela\u021bie de cauzalitate \u00eentre for\u021ba major\u0103 \u0219i ne\u00eendeplinirea obliga\u021biilor. De exemplu, dac\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rzierea dezvolt\u0103rii sistemului a avut loc \u00een timpul r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii noului coronavirus, dar cauza a fost o gre\u0219eal\u0103 a dezvoltatorului, scutirea nu va fi recunoscut\u0103, desigur. <br> Rezultatul c\u0103 ceea ce nu ar fi fost scutit \u00een mod normal este scutit datorit\u0103 apari\u021biei unui caz de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 ar fi lipsit de echilibru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exemple_de_jurisprudenta_privind_forta_majora\"><\/span>Exemple de jurispruden\u021b\u0103 privind for\u021ba major\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/shutterstock_243766495-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8740\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Prezent\u0103m exemple de cazuri juridice care au fost de fapt contestate \u00een contextul for\u021bei majore.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 exemple de cazuri juridice \u00een care s-a disputat dac\u0103 situa\u021bia se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een for\u021ba major\u0103, cum ar fi urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Colapsul_economiei_de_tip_balon\"><\/span>Colapsul economiei de tip balon<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00centr-un proces \u00een care s-a disputat dac\u0103 situa\u021bia economic\u0103 dup\u0103 colapsul economiei de tip balon se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een &#8220;catastrofe naturale, schimb\u0103ri economice semnificative sau alte circumstan\u021be inevitabile \u00een func\u021bionarea companiei \u0219i a clubului&#8221;, care sunt condi\u021biile pentru prelungirea perioadei de depozitare a depozitelor pentru drepturile de membru la golf, instan\u021ba a decis c\u0103 nu se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een &#8220;schimb\u0103ri economice semnificative&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p> &#8220;Schimb\u0103rile economice semnificative&#8221; sunt interpretate ca fiind schimb\u0103ri extrem de mari, asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu dezastrele naturale. Cu toate c\u0103 situa\u021bia economic\u0103 dup\u0103 colapsul economiei de tip balon a fost ceva ce nu s-a v\u0103zut recent, nu se poate spune c\u0103 a fost ceva imprevizibil, \u0219i deci nu se poate spune c\u0103 se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een aceste condi\u021bii.<\/p>\n<cite>Decizia Cur\u021bii Districtuale Tokyo din 27 aprilie 2005 (anul 17 al erei Heisei)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Daunele_cauzate_de_inundatiile_severe\"><\/span>Daunele cauzate de inunda\u021biile severe<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, \u00eentr-un proces \u00een care s-a disputat dac\u0103 un mecanic, care era p\u00e2r\u00e2t, are responsabilitatea de a pl\u0103ti daune pentru neexecutarea obliga\u021biei de a livra o ma\u0219in\u0103 care a fost complet distrus\u0103 din cauza repara\u021biilor cauzate de inunda\u021biile severe din Tokai, instan\u021ba a decis c\u0103 mecanicul nu are responsabilitatea de a nu executa obliga\u021bia. Motivul pentru aceast\u0103 decizie a fost c\u0103 instan\u021ba a constatat \u00een mod concret c\u0103 mecanicul nu avea posibilitatea de a prevedea apari\u021bia inunda\u021biilor severe \u0219i a daunelor cauzate de acestea, \u0219i nici nu avea posibilitatea de a evita daunele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p> Nu se poate recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 p\u00e2r\u00e2tul avea posibilitatea de a prevedea apari\u021bia unei ploi toren\u021biale neobi\u0219nuite, care a adus o cantitate mare de precipita\u021bii, cum a fost ploaia toren\u021bial\u0103 din Tokai. De asemenea, nu se poate spune c\u0103 p\u00e2r\u00e2tul ar fi putut s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 un sistem de gestionare a crizelor pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 inunda\u021biilor cauzate de o astfel de ploaie toren\u021bial\u0103. De asemenea, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 ploaia toren\u021bial\u0103 din Tokai nu a lovit uniform \u00eentreaga zon\u0103 a ora\u0219ului Nagoya, \u0219i c\u0103, spre deosebire de cazul unui taifun, a \u00eenceput s\u0103 plou\u0103 lent \u0219i cantitatea total\u0103 de precipita\u021bii a fost enorm\u0103, nu se poate spune c\u0103 p\u00e2r\u00e2tul ar fi putut s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 evolu\u021bia precipita\u021biilor \u00eentr-un stadiu timpuriu \u0219i s\u0103 prevad\u0103 daunele cauzate de inunda\u021bii sau scufundarea ma\u0219inii \u00een cauz\u0103. &#8230;Se poate spune c\u0103 p\u00e2r\u00e2tul nu avea posibilitatea de a evita scufundarea \u0219i distrugerea total\u0103 a ma\u0219inii \u00een cauz\u0103.<\/p>\n<cite>Decizia Cur\u021bii Districtuale Nagoya din 22 ianuarie 2003 (anul 15 al erei Heisei)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Abordarea_instantelor_cu_privire_la_forta_majora\"><\/span>Abordarea instan\u021belor cu privire la for\u021ba major\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Privind cele dou\u0103 exemple de cazuri juridice de mai sus, atunci c\u00e2nd se produce neexecutarea unei obliga\u021bii, instan\u021bele decid dac\u0103 este rezonabil s\u0103 se impun\u0103 responsabilitatea p\u0103r\u021bii contractante din perspectiva dac\u0103 exista posibilitatea de a prevedea apari\u021bia daunelor \u0219i dac\u0103 exista posibilitatea de a evita daunele, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t interpretarea literal\u0103 a clauzei de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103. Prin urmare, chiar \u0219i \u00een cazul deciziei Cur\u021bii Districtuale Nagoya din 22 ianuarie 2003 (anul 15 al erei Heisei), chiar dac\u0103 clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 nu este clar definit\u0103 \u00een contract, dac\u0103 se poate spune c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 niciun motiv pentru care neexecutarea obliga\u021biei s\u0103 fie atribuit\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bii contractante, instan\u021ba poate recunoa\u0219te exonerarea. Ceea ce trebuie s\u0103 re\u021binem este c\u0103 acest lucru nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 nu are sens s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 o clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 \u00een contract. Dac\u0103 clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 este clar definit\u0103 \u00een contract, este mai u\u0219or s\u0103 se ajung\u0103 la un acord de exonerare prin negocieri \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bile contractante, f\u0103r\u0103 a recurge la un proces, deci are un anumit sens s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 o clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aspecte_de_luat_in_considerare_atunci_cand_se_stabileste_o_noua_clauza_de_forta_majora\"><\/span>Aspecte de luat \u00een considerare atunci c\u00e2nd se stabile\u0219te o nou\u0103 clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/shutterstock_246833773-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8742\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Ce aspecte trebuie avute \u00een vedere atunci c\u00e2nd se stabile\u0219te o clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u0219i situa\u021bii precum r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea noului coronavirus nu apar foarte des, impactul lor asupra rela\u021biilor contractuale poate fi semnificativ atunci c\u00e2nd se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103. Prin urmare, este necesar s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 o clauz\u0103 de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 cel pu\u021bin \u00een contractele importante \u0219i continue. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103, este obi\u0219nuit s\u0103 se enumere motivele c\u00e2t mai concrete posibil, a\u0219a cum am men\u021bionat mai sus, \u0219i s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219it o clauz\u0103 de tip &#8220;catch-all&#8221;, cum ar fi &#8220;alte situa\u021bii similare cu cele de mai sus&#8221;. Termenul de &#8220;for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103&#8221; este abstract \u00een sine, \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd se produce un eveniment care pare a fi o for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103, este adesea disputat \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bi dac\u0103 acesta este de fapt o for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prin urmare, este de dorit s\u0103 se enumere c\u00e2t mai multe motive concrete posibile \u00een clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 pentru a asigura predictibilitatea p\u0103r\u021bilor. De exemplu, dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi partea care comand\u0103 un contract de dezvoltare a sistemului, ve\u021bi dori s\u0103 limita\u021bi domeniul de aplicare al for\u021bei majore. Obliga\u021bia pe care partea comandant\u0103 o are \u00een contract este de a pl\u0103ti o remunera\u021bie, iar \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te obliga\u021bia de plat\u0103 a banilor, se consider\u0103 c\u0103 aceasta nu poate fi scutit\u0103 chiar \u0219i \u00een caz de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 conform legii civile japoneze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prin urmare, se poate spune c\u0103 beneficiarul principal al clauzei de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 \u00eentr-un contract de dezvoltare a sistemului este \u00een principal partea contractant\u0103. Din acest motiv, ca parte comandant\u0103, este necesar s\u0103 lua\u021bi \u00een considerare limitarea domeniului de aplicare al motivelor enumerate \u00een mod concret \u00een clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103. De exemplu, \u00een cazul &#8220;cutremurelor&#8221;, care sunt adesea enumerate ca motive, nu este nevoie de scutire dac\u0103 este vorba de un cutremur de magnitudine 2-3. Prin urmare, este o op\u021biune s\u0103 se specifice concret &#8220;cutremure mari&#8221; sau &#8220;cutremure de peste 6 grade&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi partea contractant\u0103 a unui contract de dezvoltare a sistemului, va trebui s\u0103 enumera\u021bi c\u00e2t mai multe evenimente posibile ca motive \u00een clauza de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103. De exemplu, \u00een cazul dezvolt\u0103rii de sisteme unde mediul de re\u021bea este esen\u021bial, este o op\u021biune s\u0103 include\u021bi &#8220;accidente de linie de comunica\u021bii&#8221; \u00een motivele enumerate. De asemenea, \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te punctele de verificare \u00een contractele de dezvoltare a sistemului de tip contract, explic\u0103m \u00een detaliu \u00een articolul de mai jos.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/checkpoints-for-contracts-of-system-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/checkpoints-for-contracts-of-system-development[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rezumat\"><\/span>Rezumat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Infec\u021bia cu noul coronavirus care a ap\u0103rut de data aceasta s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een \u00eentreaga lume, iar m\u0103suri care limiteaz\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bile economice, cum ar fi interdic\u021biile de ie\u0219ire, sunt implementate \u00een diverse ora\u0219e.<br> Dac\u0103 situa\u021bia a ajuns la punctul \u00een care statul emite o declara\u021bie de urgen\u021b\u0103 sau blocheaz\u0103 ora\u0219ele, putem spune c\u0103 exist\u0103 o probabilitate mare ca acesta s\u0103 fie considerat un caz de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103 \u0219i, prin urmare, s\u0103 fie scutit de r\u0103spundere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 se prevede c\u0103 va exista o ne\u00eendeplinire a obliga\u021biilor datorit\u0103 unui eveniment care ar putea fi considerat for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103, ar trebui mai \u00eent\u00e2i s\u0103 se discute \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bile contractante \u0219i s\u0103 se decid\u0103 asupra unor m\u0103suri precum am\u00e2narea termenului.<br> Prin urmare, dac\u0103 se prevede c\u0103 nu se va putea respecta termenul, este important s\u0103 se consulte cu partea contractant\u0103 c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil.<br> Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a fi scutit de r\u0103spundere datorit\u0103 for\u021bei majore \u00een cazul unui caz concret depinde de circumstan\u021bele care au cauzat \u00eent\u00e2rzierea, deci dac\u0103 negocierile cu partenerul de afaceri nu par s\u0103 mearg\u0103 bine, v\u0103 recomand\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi un expert, cum ar fi un avocat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Informatii_despre_crearea_si_revizuirea_contractelor_de_catre_biroul_nostru_juridic\"><\/span>Informa\u021bii despre crearea \u0219i revizuirea contractelor de c\u0103tre biroul nostru juridic<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La Biroul Juridic Monolis, ca firm\u0103 de avocatur\u0103 specializat\u0103 \u00een IT, internet \u0219i afaceri, oferim \u0219i alte servicii, cum ar fi crearea \u0219i revizuirea diverselor contracte, pentru clien\u021bii no\u0219tri corporativi \u0219i consultan\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru cei interesa\u021bi, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi detaliile de mai jos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/contractcreation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/contractcreation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De la \u00eenceputul anului 2020 (Gregorian), boala infec\u021bioas\u0103 cu noul coronavirus (COVID-19) a f\u0103cut ravagii \u00een \u00eentreaga lume. Odat\u0103 cu r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea noului coronavirus, exist\u0103 posibilitatea ca, de exemplu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64576,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[25,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62863"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62863"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64577,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62863\/revisions\/64577"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}