{"id":71985,"date":"2024-07-25T19:13:53","date_gmt":"2024-07-25T10:13:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/?p=71985"},"modified":"2024-07-28T17:00:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-28T08:00:25","slug":"trade-law-article-301","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/trade-law-article-301","title":{"rendered":"Japon \u015eirketlerin Bilmesi Gereken ABD 'S\u00fcper 301 Maddesi'ni Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe Koyma Arka Plan\u0131n\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca ticaret ortaklar\u0131ndan biri olan Amerika, 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ticaret Yasas\u0131 301. maddeyi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koyarak, Japonya&#8217;ya kar\u015f\u0131 ticaret yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahiptir. Amerika&#8217;n\u0131n hangi t\u00fcr ticaret yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, ileride Amerika&#8217;da i\u015f geli\u015ftirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu makalede, Ticaret Yasas\u0131 301. madde ve S\u00fcper 301. madde&#8217;nin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giri\u015f nedenlerinden, Japonya ile Amerika aras\u0131ndaki diplomatik ili\u015fkilere kadar bir\u00e7ok konuyu ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Amerika&#8217;da i\u015f geli\u015ftirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen \u015firketlerin hukuk departmanlar\u0131, bu bilgileri mutlaka dikkate almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/trade-law-article-301\/#Ticaret_Kanunu%E2%80%99nun_301_Maddesine_Eklenen_Super_301_Maddesi\" title=\"Ticaret Kanunu&#8217;nun 301. Maddesine Eklenen S\u00fcper 301 Maddesi\">Ticaret Kanunu&#8217;nun 301. Maddesine Eklenen S\u00fcper 301 Maddesi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/trade-law-article-301\/#Super_301_Maddesi_Sistematik_Ticaret_Uygulamalarinin_Duzeltilmesini_Amaclar\" title=\"Super 301 Maddesi, Sistematik Ticaret Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fczeltilmesini Ama\u00e7lar\">Super 301 Maddesi, Sistematik Ticaret Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fczeltilmesini Ama\u00e7lar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/trade-law-article-301\/#Japonya_Super_301_Maddesinin_Uygulandigi_Ulke\" title=\"Japonya, S\u00fcper 301 Maddesinin Uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00dclke\">Japonya, S\u00fcper 301 Maddesinin Uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00dclke<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/trade-law-article-301\/#Ozet_Yurtdisi_Isletmelerin_Temeli_Olarak_Anlasilmasi_Gereken_Temel_Yasalardan_Biri\" title=\"\u00d6zet: Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130\u015fletmelerin Temeli Olarak Anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 Gereken Temel Yasalardan Biri\">\u00d6zet: Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130\u015fletmelerin Temeli Olarak Anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 Gereken Temel Yasalardan Biri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/trade-law-article-301\/#Ofisimiz_Tarafindan_Sunulan_Onlemler\" title=\"Ofisimiz Taraf\u0131ndan Sunulan \u00d6nlemler\">Ofisimiz Taraf\u0131ndan Sunulan \u00d6nlemler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ticaret_Kanunu%E2%80%99nun_301_Maddesine_Eklenen_Super_301_Maddesi\"><\/span>Ticaret Kanunu&#8217;nun 301. Maddesine Eklenen S\u00fcper 301 Maddesi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/americaflag.jpg\" alt=\"Amerika bayra\u011f\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-64381\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5374149659863945;width:839px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ticaret Kanunu&#8217;nun 301. Maddesi, Amerika&#8217;n\u0131n Kapsaml\u0131 Ticaret Kanunu&#8217;nun bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve bireysel end\u00fcstrilerdeki engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7layarak olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Amerikan Ticaret Temsilcili\u011fi (URTR), ticareti adil olmayan olarak de\u011ferlendirir ve sorunlu ticaret uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131 taraf ile m\u00fczakereler yapar. M\u00fczakerelerle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, Ba\u015fkan taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifelerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, S\u00fcper 301 Maddesi, 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika&#8217;da kabul edilen Kapsaml\u0131 Ticaret ve Rekabet\u00e7ilik Kanunu&#8217;nun bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00fcper 301 Maddesi, Ticaret Kanunu&#8217;nun 301. Maddesinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f bir versiyonu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve adil olmayan ticaret politikalar\u0131 uygulayan \u00fclkelere yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulayarak taviz vermelerini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in prosed\u00fcrler belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Amerikan Ticaret Temsilcili\u011fi (URTR), adil olmayan ticaret uygulamalar\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifesi engelleri olan \u00fclkeleri belirler ve bu engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fczakereler yapar. M\u00fczakerelerle d\u00fczeltilmeyen durumlarda, g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifelerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6nlemler al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Super_301_Maddesi_Sistematik_Ticaret_Uygulamalarinin_Duzeltilmesini_Amaclar\"><\/span>Super 301 Maddesi, Sistematik Ticaret Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fczeltilmesini Ama\u00e7lar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/america-charts.jpg\" alt=\"Sistematik ticaret uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi ama\u00e7l\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-64383\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Super 301 Maddesi, haks\u0131z ticaret politikalar\u0131 benimseyen \u00fclkeleri belirlemek ve onlara yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulayarak taviz vermelerini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla prosed\u00fcrlerin belirlenmesini hedefler. \u00d6zellikle Japon ticaret fazlas\u0131 \u00fclkeleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere, daha agresif ticaret politikalar\u0131 izlemek \u00fczere getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, Super 301 Maddesi, Trump ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde (2017-2021) ticaret meseleleri \u00fczerindeki sert duru\u015fun temelini de olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7in&#8217;in fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 ihlalleri nedeniyle, Amerikan imalat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn durumunu g\u00f6steren temel ekonomik g\u00f6stergeler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyelere gerilemi\u015ftir. Trump, ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in, ihracat \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %60&#8217;\u0131na kadar\u0131 \u00fczerine en fazla %25&#8217;e varan ek g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi uygulayarak sert bir tutum sergilemi\u015ftir. Ocak 2021&#8217;de g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayan Biden y\u00f6netiminin, 301 maddesi g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergileri gibi ek g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi \u00f6nlemlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi de, \u00c7in&#8217;e kar\u015f\u0131 bir tepki olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yine de, \u00c7in&#8217;in Amerikan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine y\u00fcksek g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergileri uygulamas\u0131 veya yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tedarik zincirleri olu\u015fturmu\u015f \u015firketlerin stratejilerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeye zorlanmas\u0131 gibi nedenlerle, Amerika i\u00e7indeki tepkiler artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japonya_Super_301_Maddesinin_Uygulandigi_Ulke\"><\/span>Japonya, S\u00fcper 301 Maddesinin Uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00dclke<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/japan-america-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"Japonya, S\u00fcper 301 Maddesinin Uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00dclke\" class=\"wp-image-64384\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda S\u00fcper 301 maddesini kullanarak Japonya&#8217;ya kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcper bilgisayarlar, yapay uydular ve ah\u015fap i\u015fleme \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ticaretinde k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirdi. Japonya, Amerika&#8217;n\u0131n ticaret k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6nlemler almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1993 y\u0131l\u0131 Nisan ay\u0131nda Ba\u015fbakan Kiichi Miyazawa&#8217;n\u0131n Amerika ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Ba\u015fkan Clinton ile yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, Japonya-Amerika ticaretinin dengesizli\u011fi en \u00f6nemli konu oldu. Ba\u015fkan Clinton, Miyazawa&#8217;ya ticaret fazlas\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetle talep etti ancak Japonya, Japonya-Amerika ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeleri ve y\u00fcksek Japon Yeni nedeniyle, y\u0131llar boyunca uluslararas\u0131 rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fmesinden muzdarip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, Japonya-Amerika ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeleri ve y\u00fcksek Japon Yeni&#8217;yi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme stratejilerini ak\u0131ll\u0131ca devam ettirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ozet_Yurtdisi_Isletmelerin_Temeli_Olarak_Anlasilmasi_Gereken_Temel_Yasalardan_Biri\"><\/span>\u00d6zet: Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130\u015fletmelerin Temeli Olarak Anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 Gereken Temel Yasalardan Biri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/japan-americabusiness.jpg\" alt=\"\u00d6zet: Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130\u015fletmelerin Temeli Olarak Anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 Gereken Temel Yasalardan Biri\" class=\"wp-image-64385\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Amerika, ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla, ticaret partnerlerine kar\u015f\u0131 tarifelerin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli politikalar uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ticaret Yasas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n 301. maddesi ve S\u00fcper 301 maddesi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki Japon-Amerikan ticaretinin politik arka plan\u0131n\u0131 anlamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, 2024 (Reiwa 6) y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, 301 maddesi tarifeleri gibi daha fazla tarife uygulanmas\u0131 da beklenmektedir. \u00c7in&#8217;den tedarik ve \u00fcretim yapan ve Amerika&#8217;da i\u015f geli\u015ftiren Japon \u015firketleri, daha y\u00fcksek tarifelerin uygulanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerinin gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 dikkatle izlemelidirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ofisimiz_Tarafindan_Sunulan_Onlemler\"><\/span>Ofisimiz Taraf\u0131ndan Sunulan \u00d6nlemler<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Monolith Hukuk B\u00fcrosu, IT ve \u00f6zellikle internet ile hukukun her iki alan\u0131nda da zengin deneyime sahip bir hukuk b\u00fcrosudur. Son y\u0131llarda, global i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 giderek geni\u015flemekte ve uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki kontrollerin gereklili\u011fi artmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fcromuz, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk i\u015flerine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Monolith Hukuk B\u00fcrosu&#8217;nun Uzmanl\u0131k Alanlar\u0131: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/global-jpn2fgn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuk \u0130\u015fleri ve Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130\u015fler[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca ticaret ortaklar\u0131ndan biri olan Amerika, 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ticaret Yasas\u0131 301. maddeyi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koyarak, Japonya&#8217;ya kar\u015f\u0131 ticaret yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahipt [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":72081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[25,42,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71985"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71985"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71985\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72082,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71985\/revisions\/72082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}