{"id":74516,"date":"2025-10-09T22:23:02","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T13:23:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/?p=74516"},"modified":"2025-10-14T10:02:15","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T01:02:15","slug":"labor-dispute-resolution-japan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/labor-dispute-resolution-japan","title":{"rendered":"Japonya \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130\u015f\u00e7i-\u0130\u015fveren Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Yollar\u0131: Sistemin Genel Bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Stratejik Kullan\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u015eirket y\u00f6netiminde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarla olan i\u015f ili\u015fkileri \u00e7evresindeki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar, yani i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131, ne yaz\u0131k ki ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 zor y\u00f6netim risklerinden biridir. Bu t\u00fcr anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar, \u00f6denmemi\u015f \u00fccretler veya i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi gibi bireysel hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle ilgili sorunlardan, i\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler gibi gelecekteki ili\u015fkilere dair sorunlara kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazeyi kapsar. Anla\u015fmazl\u0131k dava a\u015famas\u0131na geldi\u011finde, \u015firketler sadece \u00e7ok fazla zaman ve maliyet harcamakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda mahkemelerin genellikle halka a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u015firketin itibar\u0131 ve marka imaj\u0131na ciddi zararlar verebilir. Bu t\u00fcr riskleri y\u00f6netmek ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve esnek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulabilmek i\u00e7in, Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n hukuk sistemi (Japan&#8217;s legal system), dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131, yani Alternatif Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc (ADR) prosed\u00fcrlerini aktif olarak te\u015fvik etmektedir. ADR, tarafs\u0131z bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf\u0131n taraflar aras\u0131na girerek, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yoluyla uzla\u015fmay\u0131 hedefleyen bir prosed\u00fcrd\u00fcr ve gizlilik, h\u0131z, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyet ve esnek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunabilme gibi, \u015firketler i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok stratejik avantaja sahiptir. Japonya&#8217;daki (in Japan) i\u015f alan\u0131nda ADR sistemi, esas olarak idari kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanmakta ve bu sistemin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini &#8220;Prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck \u0130\u015f B\u00fcrolar\u0131&#8221; ve &#8220;\u0130\u015f Komisyonlar\u0131&#8221; olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu kurumlar\u0131n sundu\u011fu hizmetler, \u015firketlerin i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 gibi y\u00f6netim sorunlar\u0131yla etkili bir \u015fekilde ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabilmeleri i\u00e7in son derece \u00f6nemli bir altyap\u0131d\u0131r. Bu makalede, bu kamu ADR sistemlerinin somut i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve prosed\u00fcr ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanacak ve \u015firketlerin bu sistemleri nas\u0131l stratejik bir \u015fekilde kullanabilecekleri y\u00f6netimsel bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla detayland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/labor-dispute-resolution-japan\/#Japonya%E2%80%99da_Isci-Isveren_Anlasmazliklari_ve_Cozum_Sistemleri\" title=\"Japonya&#8217;da \u0130\u015f\u00e7i-\u0130\u015fveren Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Sistemleri\">Japonya&#8217;da \u0130\u015f\u00e7i-\u0130\u015fveren Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Sistemleri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/labor-dispute-resolution-japan\/#Japonya%E2%80%99daki_Prefektorluk_Is_Burolarinda_Bireysel_Is_Anlasmazliklarinin_Cozumu\" title=\"Japonya&#8217;daki Prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck \u0130\u015f B\u00fcrolar\u0131nda Bireysel \u0130\u015f Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc\">Japonya&#8217;daki Prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck \u0130\u015f B\u00fcrolar\u0131nda Bireysel \u0130\u015f Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/labor-dispute-resolution-japan\/#Japonya%E2%80%99da_Calisma_Iliskileri_Anlasmazliklarinin_Cozumu_ve_Uzlastirma_Prosedurleri\" title=\"Japonya&#8217;da \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130li\u015fkileri Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc ve Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma Prosed\u00fcrleri\">Japonya&#8217;da \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130li\u015fkileri Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc ve Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma Prosed\u00fcrleri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/labor-dispute-resolution-japan\/#Japonya%E2%80%99daki_Cesitli_Cozum_Yontemlerinin_Stratejik_Karsilastirmasi\" title=\"Japonya&#8217;daki \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Y\u00f6ntemlerinin Stratejik Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131\">Japonya&#8217;daki \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Y\u00f6ntemlerinin Stratejik Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/labor-dispute-resolution-japan\/#Ozet\" title=\"\u00d6zet\">\u00d6zet<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japonya%E2%80%99da_Isci-Isveren_Anlasmazliklari_ve_Cozum_Sistemleri\"><\/span>Japonya&#8217;da \u0130\u015f\u00e7i-\u0130\u015fveren Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Sistemleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Japonya&#8217;daki i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131, do\u011falar\u0131 gere\u011fi &#8220;bireysel i\u015f ili\u015fkisi anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131&#8221; ve &#8220;toplu i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131&#8221; olmak \u00fczere iki ana kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lki, bireysel i\u015f\u00e7iler ve i\u015fverenler aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 ifade ederken, ikincisi i\u015f\u00e7i sendikalar\u0131 ve i\u015fverenler aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 kapsar. Ayr\u0131ca, anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re, mevcut yasalar veya i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fan &#8220;hak anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131&#8221; ve \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimi gibi, gelecekteki hak ili\u015fkilerinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini talep eden &#8220;\u00e7\u0131kar anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131&#8221; olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Japon \u015firketlerin i\u015f ili\u015fkileri, uzun vadeli istihdam\u0131 esas alan s\u00fcrekli insan ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7inde \u015fekillendi\u011finden, bir kez anla\u015fmazl\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu ili\u015fkilerin karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015fmas\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr durumlarda, kazanan taraf\u0131n i\u015fveren olsa bile, dava yoluyla kesin bir karara varmak, i\u015f yerinde onar\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7atlaklar b\u0131rakabilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Alternatif Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc (ADR), taraflar aras\u0131nda anla\u015fma olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren ili\u015fkilerinin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in davadan daha \u00fcst\u00fcn bir se\u00e7enek olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ger\u00e7ekten de, Japonya \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n \u00fclke genelinde kurdu\u011fu Kapsaml\u0131 \u0130\u015f Dan\u0131\u015fma K\u00f6\u015feleri&#8217;ne her y\u0131l 1.2 milyondan fazla dan\u0131\u015fma ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131lmakta ve bu da i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren aras\u0131ndaki potansiyel anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n ne kadar yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu durum, \u015firketler i\u00e7in, anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik etkili y\u00f6ntemleri \u00f6nceden anlamalar\u0131n\u0131n ve haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle, i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini tart\u0131\u015fan tipik &#8220;hak anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131&#8221; bile, ger\u00e7ekte \u00e7o\u011funlukla tazminat miktar\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan pazarl\u0131klar, yani &#8220;\u00e7\u0131kar anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131&#8221; niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Bu t\u00fcr anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi, kat\u0131 hukuki yorumlara ba\u011fl\u0131 davalardan ziyade, taraflar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek durumlar\u0131na uygun esnek mali \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler arayabilen ADR&#8217;nin yarar\u0131n\u0131 daha da belirginle\u015ftirir. ADR&#8217;yi kullanarak, \u015firketler hukuki olarak belirsiz riskleri, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve y\u00f6netilebilir i\u015fletme maliyetlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japonya%E2%80%99daki_Prefektorluk_Is_Burolarinda_Bireysel_Is_Anlasmazliklarinin_Cozumu\"><\/span>Japonya&#8217;daki Prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck \u0130\u015f B\u00fcrolar\u0131nda Bireysel \u0130\u015f Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Japonya genelindeki her prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fckte bulunan \u0130\u015f B\u00fcrolar\u0131, &#8220;Bireysel \u0130\u015f \u0130li\u015fkisi Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Te\u015fvik Edilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun&#8221; temelinde, i\u015f\u00e7iler ve i\u015fverenler aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in \u00fccretsiz hizmetler sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu sistem, esas olarak \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famal\u0131 hizmetten olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lk olarak, &#8220;Kapsaml\u0131 \u0130\u015f Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8221; hizmeti bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu, anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla bilgi sa\u011flayan bir dan\u0131\u015fma noktas\u0131d\u0131r ve i\u015f\u00e7iler ile i\u015fverenlerden gelen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015f sorunlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131klarda, uzman dan\u0131\u015fmanlar taraf\u0131ndan yasal d\u00fczenlemeler ve yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 gibi bilgiler sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130kinci olarak, &#8220;Tavsiye ve Y\u00f6nlendirme&#8221; hizmeti vard\u0131r. Taraflar aras\u0131nda kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmas\u0131 zor oldu\u011funda, prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck \u0130\u015f B\u00fcrosu m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, anla\u015fmazl\u0131k taraflar\u0131na sorunlar\u0131 belirtir ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tavsiyelerde bulunur. Ancak, bu hizmetin hukuki bir zorlay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur ve tamamen taraflar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve en \u00f6nemli hizmet ise &#8220;Arabuluculuk (Mediation)&#8221;tir. Bu, avukatlar ve \u00fcniversite profes\u00f6rleri gibi i\u015f sorunlar\u0131 konusunda uzmanlardan olu\u015fan &#8220;Anla\u015fmazl\u0131k Koordinasyon Komitesi&#8221;nin, taraflar aras\u0131nda diyalogu te\u015fvik ederek sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik prosed\u00fcrler y\u00fcr\u00fctmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Arabuluculuk prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn somut ad\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir: \u00d6ncelikle, i\u015f\u00e7i veya i\u015fverenlerden biri, ilgili prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck \u0130\u015f B\u00fcrosuna bir arabuluculuk ba\u015fvuru formu sunarak s\u00fcreci ba\u015flat\u0131r. Bu i\u015flem i\u00e7in herhangi bir \u00fccret talep edilmez. Ba\u015fvuru kabul edildi\u011finde, \u0130\u015f B\u00fcrosu kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 arabuluculuk s\u00fcrecine kat\u0131lmaya davet eder. Ancak, bu s\u00fcrece kat\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcd\u00fcr ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf zorlanamaz. Kar\u015f\u0131 taraf kat\u0131lmay\u0131 kabul ederse, bir arabuluculuk tarihi belirlenir ve Anla\u015fmazl\u0131k Koordinasyon Komitesi&#8217;nin arabulucular\u0131, genellikle taraflardan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 durumlar\u0131 dinler. Bu i\u015flem tamamen gizli y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, \u015firket i\u00e7i bilgiler veya ki\u015fisel mahremiyet d\u0131\u015far\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131lmaz. Arabulucular, taraflar\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler ve uzla\u015fmay\u0131 te\u015fvik eder. Duruma g\u00f6re, somut bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerisi (arabuluculuk teklifi) de sunabilirler. E\u011fer taraflar bu teklif \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131rlarsa, anla\u015fma i\u00e7eri\u011fi Medeni Kanun kapsam\u0131nda bir uzla\u015fma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak hukuki etkiye sahip olur ve taraflar\u0131 ba\u011flar. Anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lamazsa, arabuluculuk &#8220;sonland\u0131rma&#8221; olarak sona erer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve Refah Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n istatistiklerine g\u00f6re, sivil i\u015f anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda en \u00e7ok dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konular uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r &#8220;zorbal\u0131k ve taciz&#8221; olmu\u015ftur, ard\u0131ndan &#8220;i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma&#8221; ve &#8220;i\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi&#8221; gelmektedir. Bu veriler, Japonya&#8217;daki i\u015f yerlerinde insan ili\u015fkilerinin anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n ana kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve \u015firketlerin sadece yasal d\u00fczenlemelere uymakla kalmay\u0131p, iyi bir i\u015f ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in proaktif insan kaynaklar\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fart oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca dikkate de\u011fer olan, arabuluculuk s\u00fcrecinin sonland\u0131r\u0131lma nedenleri aras\u0131nda, anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 sadece yakla\u015f\u0131k %30 iken, yakla\u015f\u0131k %65&#8217;inin anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lamayarak &#8220;sonland\u0131rma&#8221; ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fidir. Bu y\u00fcksek sonland\u0131rma oran\u0131, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta sistemin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Ancak, i\u015fletme stratejisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 bir yorum m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u015eirketler i\u00e7in arabuluculuk s\u00fcrecine kat\u0131lman\u0131n de\u011feri, mutlaka anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmasa bile, kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n kendisi, daha sonraki i\u015f mahkemesi veya dava s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde \u015firketin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in ciddi bir tutum sergiledi\u011fini g\u00f6steren iyi bir kan\u0131t olabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu gizli ortamda, herhangi bir \u00fccret \u00f6demeden kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131 ve kan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, sonraki anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm stratejilerini belirlemede son derece de\u011ferli bir bilgi toplama f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bir i\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan arabuluculuk ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 reddetmek, k\u0131sa vadede anla\u015fmazl\u0131ktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, uzun vadede kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 daha resmi ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 bir s\u00fcrece s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek, sonu\u00e7ta \u015firket i\u00e7in dezavantajl\u0131 olabilecek potansiyeli bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Arabuluculu\u011fa kat\u0131l\u0131m, anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 oldu\u011fu kadar, riskleri de\u011ferlendirip y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in stratejik bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japonya%E2%80%99da_Calisma_Iliskileri_Anlasmazliklarinin_Cozumu_ve_Uzlastirma_Prosedurleri\"><\/span>Japonya&#8217;da \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130li\u015fkileri Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc ve Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma Prosed\u00fcrleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Japonya&#8217;daki prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma b\u00fcrolar\u0131 bireysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hedef al\u0131rken, her prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck ve \u00fclke genelinde (Merkezi \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Komisyonu) kurulan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Komisyonlar\u0131, sendikalar\u0131n dahil oldu\u011fu toplu i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n (i\u015f uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131) yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bireysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da ele al\u0131r ve daha geni\u015f yetkilere sahip idari kurumlard\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Komisyonlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sunulan anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme prosed\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda &#8220;arabuluculuk,&#8221; &#8220;uzla\u015ft\u0131rma&#8221; ve &#8220;tahkim&#8221; olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Arabuluculuk&#8221; prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n arabuluculuk prosed\u00fcrlerine benzerdir, ancak \u00f6nemli bir fark \u00fcyelerin yap\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n arabulucular\u0131 genellikle kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden \u00fcyeler, i\u015f\u00e7ileri temsil eden \u00fcyeler ve i\u015fverenleri temsil eden \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fur. Bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yap\u0131, her bir taraf\u0131n pozisyonunu temsil eden ki\u015filerin tart\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve \u00f6zellikle i\u015fveren taraf\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden \u00fcyelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015firketin i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve sekt\u00f6r uygulamalar\u0131 gibi i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7eklerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak daha pratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131n aranmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Prosed\u00fcr, taraflar\u0131n ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine ba\u015flar ve arabulucular her iki taraf\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131 dinleyerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri sunar ve duruma g\u00f6re arabuluculuk teklifi yapar. Ancak, bu teklifin kabul\u00fc g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma&#8221; arabuluculuktan biraz daha resmi bir prosed\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Arabuluculukta oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yap\u0131da bir uzla\u015ft\u0131rma komisyonu kurulur ve taraflar\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131 dinlemenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, gerekti\u011finde ger\u00e7eklerin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da yapar. Daha sonra komisyon olarak resmi bir uzla\u015ft\u0131rma teklifi haz\u0131rlar ve taraflara bu teklifi kabul etmelerini \u00f6nerir. Bu uzla\u015ft\u0131rma teklifinin de zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktur, ancak kamu kurumu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan detayl\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ek ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na dayanan bir \u00f6neri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, taraflar i\u00e7in belirli bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131r. Her iki taraf da kabul ederse, i\u00e7erik s\u00f6zle\u015fme olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En karakteristik ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc prosed\u00fcr &#8220;tahkim&#8221;dir. Tahkim, taraflar\u0131n prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn ba\u015flamas\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fmalar\u0131 durumunda veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde bu y\u00f6nde bir h\u00fck\u00fcm varsa ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r. Tahkim komisyonu genellikle sadece kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fur ve taraflar\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131 inceledikten sonra, nihai bir karar olarak &#8220;tahkim karar\u0131&#8221; verir. Bu tahkim karar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fi, hukuki ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Tahkim karar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile ayn\u0131 etkiye sahiptir ve taraflar i\u00e7eri\u011fe hukuki olarak ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, bu karara kar\u015f\u0131 itiraz edilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tahkim prosed\u00fcr\u00fc, sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, \u015firketler i\u00e7in iki ucu keskin bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r. Anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uzamas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fletme \u00fczerindeki etkisi a\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011funda veya \u015firket kendi iddialar\u0131na mutlak bir g\u00fcven duydu\u011funda ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir sonuca ula\u015fmay\u0131 arzu etti\u011finde etkili bir se\u00e7enek olabilir. Ancak, bir kez tahkime ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funda, \u015firket anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonucu \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc tamamen kaybeder. Tahmin edilemeyen veya kabul edilemez bir karar\u0131n verilme riski ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, tahkimin kullan\u0131m\u0131 sadece hukuki bir perspektiften de\u011fil, i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki kazan\u00e7 ve kay\u0131plar\u0131n dikkatli bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken, sofistike bir y\u00f6netim karar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japonya%E2%80%99daki_Cesitli_Cozum_Yontemlerinin_Stratejik_Karsilastirmasi\"><\/span>Japonya&#8217;daki \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Y\u00f6ntemlerinin Stratejik Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi, Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n i\u015f hukuku, \u00e7e\u015fitli ADR (Alternatif Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc) se\u00e7eneklerini, prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck i\u015f b\u00fcrolar\u0131 ve i\u015f komisyonlar\u0131 gibi iki kamu kurumu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sunmaktad\u0131r. Bir \u015firketin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 ve ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hangi prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn se\u00e7ilece\u011fine veya taraf\u0131n\u0131zdan talep edilen prosed\u00fcre nas\u0131l yan\u0131t verilece\u011fine karar vermek, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir strateji haline gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re ayr\u0131m yaparsak, prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck i\u015f b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n arabuluculu\u011fu bireysel i\u015f\u00e7i uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131na odaklan\u0131rken, i\u015f komisyonlar\u0131 bireysel uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klardan toplu i\u015f\u00e7i uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131na kadar daha geni\u015f bir yelpazeyi kapsar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130kinci olarak, prosed\u00fcrlerin zorlay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, net bir hiyerar\u015fi vard\u0131r. Prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck i\u015f b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n arabuluculu\u011fu ve i\u015f komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n arabuluculuk ve uzla\u015ft\u0131rma prosed\u00fcrlerine kat\u0131l\u0131m da, sunulan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerisinin kabul\u00fc de tamamen taraflar\u0131n iste\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar, taraflar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc anla\u015fma olu\u015fturmay\u0131 destekleyen prosed\u00fcrlerdir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, i\u015f komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n tahkimi, ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in taraflar\u0131n anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir, ancak bir kez ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve sonu\u00e7 (tahkim karar\u0131) taraflar\u0131 yasal olarak ba\u011flar ve itiraz hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmaz. Bu &#8220;g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ba\u015flama, zorunlu biti\u015f&#8221; \u00f6zelli\u011fi, tahkimin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, tarafs\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 da \u00f6nemli bir farkt\u0131r. Prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck i\u015f b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k ayarlama komiteleri hukuk uzmanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015furken, i\u015f komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n arabuluculuk ve uzla\u015ft\u0131rma prosed\u00fcrleri kamu yarar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren temsilcilerinden olu\u015fur. Bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yap\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve \u00f6zellikle i\u015fveren taraf\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, \u015firketler i\u00e7in tatmin edici bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu prosed\u00fcrlerin hepsi \u00fccretsizdir ve gizli olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr, bu da onlar\u0131 zaman ve maliyet gerektiren ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanan davalara k\u0131yasla ADR&#8217;nin genel bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc haline getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo, bu prosed\u00fcrlerin ana \u00f6zelliklerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>\u00d6zellikler (Madde)<\/td><td>Prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck \u0130\u015f B\u00fcrolar\u0131<\/td><td>\u0130\u015f Komisyonlar\u0131<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prosed\u00fcr<\/td><td>Arabuluculuk<\/td><td>Arabuluculuk\/Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma\/Tahkim<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ana Hedef<\/td><td>Bireysel \u0130\u015f \u0130li\u015fkisi Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131<\/td><td>Bireysel \u0130\u015f \u0130li\u015fkisi Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 ve Toplu \u0130\u015f\u00e7i-\u0130\u015fveren Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 (\u0130\u015f Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ba\u015flama \u015eartlar\u0131<\/td><td>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i veya i\u015fverenden birinin ba\u015fvurusu<\/td><td>Prosed\u00fcre g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Tahkim i\u00e7in taraflar\u0131n anla\u015fmas\u0131 veya i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri gereklidir.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maliyet<\/td><td>\u00dccretsiz<\/td><td>\u00dccretsiz<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n \u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 Olmas\u0131<\/td><td>Tamamen iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131. Kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerisini reddetme hakk\u0131.<\/td><td>Arabuluculuk\/Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma: \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131.<br>Tahkim: Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, ancak ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra prosed\u00fcr ve sonu\u00e7 zorunludur.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gizlilik<\/td><td>Y\u00fcksek. Prosed\u00fcrler gizlidir.<\/td><td>Y\u00fcksek. Prosed\u00fcrler gizlidir.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn Yasal Etkisi<\/td><td>Taraflar anla\u015f\u0131rsa, Medeni Kanun&#8217;a g\u00f6re bir uzla\u015fma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olu\u015fur.<\/td><td>Arabuluculuk\/Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma: Taraflar anla\u015f\u0131rsa, Medeni Kanun&#8217;a g\u00f6re bir uzla\u015fma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olu\u015fur.<br>Tahkim: \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile ayn\u0131 etkiye sahip yasal ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan tahkim karar\u0131. \u0130tiraz hakk\u0131 yoktur.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Parti Kurumunun Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/td><td>Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Ayarlama Komitesi (\u0130\u015f hukuku uzmanlar\u0131, avukatlar, \u00fcniversite profes\u00f6rleri vb.)<\/td><td>\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc yap\u0131 (Kamu yarar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren temsilcileri) temeldir. Tahkimde genellikle sadece kamu yarar\u0131 temsilcileri.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ozet\"><\/span>\u00d6zet<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu makalede g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdi\u011fimiz gibi, Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n i\u015f hukuku sistemi, prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck i\u015f b\u00fcrolar\u0131 ve i\u015f komisyonlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, \u00e7e\u015fitli ve katmanl\u0131 bir d\u0131\u015f mahkeme anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc (ADR) \u00e7er\u00e7evesi olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu sistemler, gizlilik, h\u0131z ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyet gibi ortak avantajlara sahip olup, \u015firketlerin i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 gibi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz y\u00f6netim risklerini, resmi ve kat\u0131 yarg\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ba\u015fvurmadan esnek ve stratejik bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmeleri i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7lar haline gelebilir. Arabuluculuk ve uzla\u015ft\u0131rma gibi anla\u015fma temelli s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden, ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ve nihai kararlar veren tahkime kadar, anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcl durumuna ve \u015firketin stratejik ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re en uygun y\u00f6ntemi se\u00e7mek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu sistemleri do\u011fru anlamak ve uygun \u015fekilde kullanmak, bireysel anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmekle kalmay\u0131p, \u015firketin itibar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren ili\u015fkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek ve in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in de hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yine de, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden ba\u015far\u0131yla ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca hukuki bilgi yeterli de\u011fildir. Kurumlar\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015f prati\u011fi, m\u00fczakere dinamikleri ve bazen yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan geleneklere derin bir anlay\u0131\u015f gereklidir. Monolith Hukuk B\u00fcrosu, Japonya&#8217;daki bir\u00e7ok m\u00fc\u015fteri \u015firketi temsil ederek, prefekt\u00f6rl\u00fck i\u015f b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n arabuluculuk hizmetlerinden i\u015f komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenleme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kadar, bu makalede ele al\u0131nan konularda geni\u015f bir deneyime sahiptir. B\u00fcromuzda, yabanc\u0131 avukatl\u0131k niteliklerine de sahip \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fan avukatlar bulunmakta ve uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f geli\u015ftiren \u015firketlerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn sorunlara kar\u015f\u0131, ak\u0131c\u0131 ileti\u015fim ve derin i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fclerle desteklenen hukuki destek sunabilmektedir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131yla ilgili sorunlar\u0131n\u0131z varsa, l\u00fctfen b\u00fcromuza dan\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u015eirket y\u00f6netiminde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarla olan i\u015f ili\u015fkileri \u00e7evresindeki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar, yani i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131, ne yaz\u0131k ki ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 zor y\u00f6netim risklerinden biridir. Bu t\u00fcr anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar, \u00f6de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":74703,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,89],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74516"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74516"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74516\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74704,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74516\/revisions\/74704"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}