<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nJaponya’daki i\u015f kazas\u0131 sigortas\u0131 sistemi, ma\u011fdur i\u015f\u00e7ilere h\u0131zl\u0131 bir tazminat sa\u011flar; ancak, i\u015f\u00e7inin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm zararlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaz. \u00d6zellikle, i\u015f kazas\u0131 sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan manevi zararlar i\u00e7in \u00f6denen tazminat, i\u015f kazas\u0131 sigortas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca, i\u015f g\u00f6remezlik zarar\u0131 ve kal\u0131c\u0131 sakatl\u0131k nedeniyle olu\u015fan gelir kayb\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015f kazas\u0131 sigortas\u0131ndan al\u0131nan \u00f6demeler, ger\u00e7ek zarar miktar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamayabilir. \u0130\u015f kazas\u0131 sigortas\u0131 \u00f6demeleriyle kar\u015f\u0131lanmayan zararlar i\u00e7in, ma\u011fdur i\u015f\u00e7iler veya yak\u0131nlar\u0131, \u015firketlere kar\u015f\u0131 medeni hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tazminat talebinde bulunabilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu talebin hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131, \u015firketlerin “g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc” ihlalidir. Japon \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Kanunu’nun 5. maddesi, “\u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi gere\u011fi, i\u015f\u00e7inin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131, bedenini ve di\u011fer g\u00fcvenliklerini sa\u011flayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almak zorundad\u0131r” \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm belirleyerek, \u015firketlerin g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade eder. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, y\u0131llar boyunca i\u00e7tihat hukuku ile sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve iki Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131 bu konunun temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Birincisi, Kara Kuvvetleri \u00d6z Savunma G\u00fcc\u00fc mensubunun g\u00f6rev s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle ilgili olarak, devletin kamu g\u00f6revlilerine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez kabul eden 1975 y\u0131l\u0131 25 \u015eubat tarihli Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131d\u0131r (Kara Kuvvetleri \u00d6z Savunma G\u00fcc\u00fc davas\u0131). \u0130kincisi, n\u00f6bet\u00e7i s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle ilgili olarak, \u00f6zel \u015firketlerin de i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirten 1984 y\u0131l\u0131 10 Nisan tarihli Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131d\u0131r (Kawagoe davas\u0131). \u015eirketler, bu g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihmal eder ve sonucunda i\u015f kazas\u0131 meydana gelirse, bor\u00e7 ihlali veya haks\u0131z fiil temelinde tazminat sorumlulu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eirketler tazminat sorumlulu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ma\u011fdur i\u015f\u00e7inin zaten i\u015f kazas\u0131 sigortas\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6demeler, \u015firketin \u00f6demesi gereken tazminat miktar\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr. Buna “zarar ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 mahsupla\u015fma” denir ve zarar\u0131n \u00e7ift tazminini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in bir d\u00fczenlemedir. Ancak, yukar\u0131da bahsedilen “\u00f6zel \u00f6deme”nin niteli\u011fi burada \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7tihat hukukuna g\u00f6re, \u00f6zel \u00f6demeler i\u015f\u00e7i refah\u0131 projelerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kabul edilir ve zarar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in mahsupla\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Yani, \u015firketin \u00f6demesi gereken tazminat miktar\u0131ndan \u00f6zel \u00f6deme miktar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir ve bu durum, \u015firketin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekte art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131ca, medeni hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki tazminat taleplerinde, i\u015f\u00e7inin kendi kusurunun kazan\u0131n meydana gelmesine veya zarar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu kabul edilirse, kusur oran\u0131na g\u00f6re tazminat miktar\u0131 azalt\u0131labilir. Bu, kusur varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n sabit \u00f6demelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f kazas\u0131 sigortas\u0131 sisteminden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir farkt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f kazas\u0131 sigortas\u0131 ve medeni hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki tazminat taleplerinin ana farklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo gibi olur:<\/p>\n\n\n\nKar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma \u00d6\u011feleri<\/td> Japon \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Kazas\u0131 Tazminat Sigortas\u0131<\/td> Japon Medeni Hukuk \u00dczerine Tazminat Talepleri<\/td><\/tr><\/thead> Sorumluluk Temeli<\/td> Kusursuz Sorumluluk<\/td> G\u00fcvenlik \u00d6nlemi Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130hlali vb. Kusurlu Sorumluluk<\/td><\/tr> Tazminat<\/td> Kapsam D\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/td> Tazminat\u0131n Merkezi Unsurlar\u0131<\/td><\/tr> Tazminat Miktar\u0131n\u0131n Hesaplanmas\u0131<\/td> Yasalara Dayal\u0131 Sabit Miktar\/Sabit Oran \u00d6demeleri<\/td> Ger\u00e7ekte Meydana Gelen T\u00fcm Zarar Miktar\u0131<\/td><\/tr> \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin Kusuru<\/td> Dikkate Al\u0131nmaz (Kusur Mahsupla\u015fmas\u0131 Yok)<\/td> Dikkate Al\u0131n\u0131r (Kusur Mahsupla\u015fmas\u0131yla Tazminat Miktar\u0131 Azalt\u0131labilir)<\/td><\/tr> \u00d6zel \u00d6demeler<\/td> \u00d6denir<\/td> Mahsupla\u015fma Kapsam\u0131 D\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Japonya’da \u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131 Ek Tazminat Sigortas\u0131 Sistemine \u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 Kat\u0131l\u0131m<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nG\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi, \u015firketler yaln\u0131zca zorunlu i\u015f kazas\u0131 sigortas\u0131 ile kapsanamayan, ciddi sivil sorumluluk riskleriyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl kazalar veya ciddi kal\u0131c\u0131 sakatl\u0131klar\u0131n oldu\u011fu durumlarda, tazminat miktar\u0131 milyonlarca yen ile y\u00fcz milyon yenin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kabilir ve bu da nadir bir durum de\u011fildir. Bu t\u00fcr finansal riskleri y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok \u015firketin ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu y\u00f6ntem, \u00f6zel sigorta \u015firketlerinin sundu\u011fu ‘i\u015f kazas\u0131 ek tazminat sigortas\u0131’ sistemidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu, \u015firketlerin iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 bir sigorta t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin i\u015f kazas\u0131 sigortas\u0131 \u00f6demelerinin \u00fczerine ek olarak, ya da i\u015f kazas\u0131 sigortas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tazminat \u00f6demeleri (\u00f6zellikle manevi tazminat gibi) i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. Bu sistemi kullanarak \u015firketler, beklenmedik durumlar meydana geldi\u011finde, tazminat \u00f6demelerini sigorta \u00f6demeleri ile kar\u015f\u0131layabilir ve b\u00f6ylece i\u015fletme \u00fczerindeki ciddi etkileri \u00f6nleyebilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f kazas\u0131 ek tazminat sigortas\u0131 sistemini uygulamak, sadece riskten korunma amac\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015firket y\u00f6netimine birden fazla avantaj sa\u011flar. Birincisi, kapsaml\u0131 bir tazminat sistemi olu\u015fturmak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara y\u00f6nelik sosyal yard\u0131mlar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131da bulunur ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 sa\u011flayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u015firkette kalma oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ve yetenekli personel kazanmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. \u0130kincisi, in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc gibi belirli end\u00fcstrilerde, ana y\u00fcklenici \u015firketlerin alt y\u00fcklenicilere i\u015f kazas\u0131 ek tazminat sigortas\u0131 sistemine kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fart\u0131 olarak zorunlu k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar artmaktad\u0131r. Bu, tedarik zinciri boyunca risk y\u00f6netiminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve kat\u0131l\u0131m, i\u015f f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesine yol a\u00e7abilir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, bu sigortan\u0131n primleri, kurumlar vergisi kanunu kapsam\u0131nda, prensip olarak tamam\u0131 gider olarak kaydedilebilir, bu da vergisel avantajlar sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu nedenle, i\u015f kazas\u0131 ek tazminat sigortas\u0131 sistemi, yaln\u0131zca hukuki tazminat sorumlulu\u011fu gibi ‘koruma’ y\u00f6n\u00fcyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmay\u0131p, i\u015f s\u00fcreklili\u011fi, insan kaynaklar\u0131 stratejisi, ticari ili\u015fkilerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi gibi ‘sald\u0131r\u0131’ y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de i\u015fletme stratejilerine katk\u0131da bulunan \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\u00d6zet<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nJaponya’daki i\u015f kazas\u0131 tazminat sistemi, h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nan ‘i\u015f kazas\u0131 sigortas\u0131’ temel al\u0131narak kurulmu\u015f, bu sigortan\u0131n \u00f6tesindeki zararlar i\u00e7in \u015firketlerin ‘medeni hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki tazminat sorumlulu\u011fu’ devreye girmekte ve bu riski y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in ‘i\u015f kazas\u0131 ek tazminat sistemi’ bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 katmanl\u0131 yap\u0131, Japonya’da i\u015f yaparken uyulmas\u0131 gereken zorunlu bir uyum gereksinimi olup, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6nemli bir y\u00f6netim meselesidir. \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemler, hukuk, finans ve insan kaynaklar\u0131 gibi \u015firket y\u00f6netiminin temelini olu\u015fturan konularla ilgilidir ve uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine dayal\u0131 dikkatli kararlar gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Monolith Hukuk B\u00fcrosu, Japonya’da geni\u015f bir m\u00fc\u015fteri yelpazesine, bu makalede a\u00e7\u0131klanan i\u015f kazas\u0131 tazminat sistemini de i\u00e7eren i\u015f hukuku konular\u0131nda geni\u015f bir deneyime sahiptir. B\u00fcromuzda, Japonya’da i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fcten uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn sorunlara derinlemesine anlay\u0131\u015fla yakla\u015fabilen, yabanc\u0131 avukatl\u0131k niteliklerine sahip birden fazla \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fan avukat bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131yla ilgili risk de\u011ferlendirmesi, \u015firket i\u00e7i d\u00fczenlemelerin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve olas\u0131 durumlarda al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemler dahil olmak \u00fczere, kapsaml\u0131 hukuki hizmetlerimiz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u015firketinizin i\u015f faaliyetlerini desteklemekteyiz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n meydana gelmesi, y\u00f6netim risklerinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 zor olanlardan biridir. Japonya’da faaliyet g\u00f6steren t\u00fcm \u015firketler, bu riskle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in yasal d\u00fczenlemeleri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":74605,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,89],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74604"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74604"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74604\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74713,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74604\/revisions\/74713"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}