{"id":74615,"date":"2025-10-11T00:31:27","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T15:31:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/?p=74615"},"modified":"2025-10-19T03:34:16","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T18:34:16","slug":"llc-business-execution-japan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/llc-business-execution-japan","title":{"rendered":"Makale ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: Japonya'daki G\u014dd\u014d Kaisha'da \u0130\u015fleri Y\u00fcr\u00fcten Ortaklar\u0131n Sorumluluklar\u0131 ve Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri \u00dczerine Hukuki Bir \u0130nceleme"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Japonya&#8217;daki \u015firket hukuku \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, Godo Kaisha (GK) kurulu\u015f i\u015flemlerinin kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6zerk anayasal d\u00fczenlemelerin izin verilmesi sayesinde, hem yerli hem de yabanc\u0131 i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in cazip bir i\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131 olarak geni\u015f bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Kabushiki Kaisha (KK) m\u00fclkiyet (hissedar) ile y\u00f6netim (y\u00f6netim kurulu) aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131 esas al\u0131rken, Godo Kaisha&#8217;da &#8216;ortaklar&#8217; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n kendilerinin i\u015fletmeyi y\u00f6netmesi esast\u0131r. \u0130\u015fletmenin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturan &#8216;i\u015fleri y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine sahip ortaklar&#8217;d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fleri y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine sahip ortaklar, \u015firketin i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctme konusunda geni\u015f yetkilere sahiptir, ancak bu yetkiler ciddi hukuki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler ve sorumluluklarla birlikte gelir. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri anlamak, Godo Kaisha&#8217;n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve risk y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu makalede, Japon \u015firket hukukuna dayanarak, Godo Kaisha&#8217;n\u0131n i\u015fleri y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine sahip ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstlendi\u011fi temel y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler &#8211; yani, \u00f6zenli y\u00f6netim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, rekabet etmeme, \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunuldu\u011funda g\u00f6rev ihmali sorumlulu\u011fu &#8211; hakk\u0131nda hukuki bir perspektiften ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenlemeler, i\u015fleri y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisine sahip ortaklar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek ve \u015firketi ve onun payda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in temel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/llc-business-execution-japan\/#Japonya%E2%80%99da_Is_Yurutme_Gorevlilerinin_Temel_Yukumlulukleri_Iyi_Yonetim_Dikkat_Yukumlulugu_ve_Sadakat_Yukumlulugu\" title=\"Japonya&#8217;da \u0130\u015f Y\u00fcr\u00fctme G\u00f6revlilerinin Temel Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri: \u0130yi Y\u00f6netim Dikkat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Sadakat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\">Japonya&#8217;da \u0130\u015f Y\u00fcr\u00fctme G\u00f6revlilerinin Temel Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri: \u0130yi Y\u00f6netim Dikkat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Sadakat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/llc-business-execution-japan\/#Rekabetin_Onlenmesi_Sirket_Is_Firsatlarinin_Korunmasi_Japonya%E2%80%99da\" title=\"Rekabetin \u00d6nlenmesi: \u015eirket \u0130\u015f F\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Japonya&#8217;da\">Rekabetin \u00d6nlenmesi: \u015eirket \u0130\u015f F\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Japonya&#8217;da<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/llc-business-execution-japan\/#Japonya%E2%80%99da_Sirket_ve_Calisanlarin_Cikar_Catismasi_Cikar_Catismasi_Islemlerinin_Sinirlanmasi\" title=\"Japonya&#8217;da \u015eirket ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00c7\u0131kar \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: \u00c7\u0131kar \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u0130\u015flemlerinin S\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131\">Japonya&#8217;da \u015eirket ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00c7\u0131kar \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: \u00c7\u0131kar \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u0130\u015flemlerinin S\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/llc-business-execution-japan\/#Japonya%E2%80%99daki_Godo_Kaisha_ve_Kabushiki_Kaisha_Yukumluluklerinin_Karsilastirilmasi\" title=\"Japonya&#8217;daki G\u014dd\u014d Kaisha ve Kabushiki Kaisha Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\">Japonya&#8217;daki G\u014dd\u014d Kaisha ve Kabushiki Kaisha Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/llc-business-execution-japan\/#Gorev_Ihmali_Sorumlulugu_Japonya%E2%80%99da_Yukumluluk_Ihlallerinin_Hukuki_Sonuclari\" title=\"G\u00f6rev \u0130hmali Sorumlulu\u011fu: Japonya&#8217;da Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck \u0130hlallerinin Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131\">G\u00f6rev \u0130hmali Sorumlulu\u011fu: Japonya&#8217;da Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck \u0130hlallerinin Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/general-corporate\/llc-business-execution-japan\/#Ozet\" title=\"\u00d6zet\">\u00d6zet<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japonya%E2%80%99da_Is_Yurutme_Gorevlilerinin_Temel_Yukumlulukleri_Iyi_Yonetim_Dikkat_Yukumlulugu_ve_Sadakat_Yukumlulugu\"><\/span>Japonya&#8217;da \u0130\u015f Y\u00fcr\u00fctme G\u00f6revlilerinin Temel Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri: \u0130yi Y\u00f6netim Dikkat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Sadakat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00f6revlilerinin t\u00fcm eylemlerinin temelini, &#8220;iyi y\u00f6netim dikkat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc&#8221; ve &#8220;sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc&#8221; olu\u015fturur. Bunlar, i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00f6revlileri ile \u015firket aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisinin temelini olu\u015fturan ve Japon \u015firketler hukuku taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirlenmi\u015f iki temel y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle, i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00f6revlileri, \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 &#8220;iyi bir y\u00f6netici olarak dikkat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc&#8221; yani iyi y\u00f6netim dikkat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn dayana\u011f\u0131, Japon \u015firketler hukukunun 593. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. \u0130yi y\u00f6netim dikkat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00f6revlilerinin pozisyonlar\u0131na ve i\u015f tan\u0131mlar\u0131na uygun olarak, objektif bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla normalde beklenen dikkat seviyesini g\u00f6stererek g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u015firketin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparken yeterli piyasa ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 veya gelir tahmini yapmadan ki\u015fisel bir kararla hareket etmesi ve sonu\u00e7 olarak \u015firkete b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar vermesi veya alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n kredi durumunu kontrol etmeyi ihmal etmesi sonucu alacaklar\u0131n tahsil edilemez hale gelmesi, bu iyi y\u00f6netim dikkat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130kinci olarak, i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00f6revlileri, \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 &#8220;sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc&#8221; ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, Japon \u015firketler hukukunun 593. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 ile, anonim \u015firketlerin y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin (ayn\u0131 kanunun 355. maddesi) uygulanmas\u0131 yoluyla getirilmi\u015ftir. Sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00f6revlilerinin yasalara ve \u015firket ana s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine uygun hareket ederek, \u015firketin genel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in sad\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmeleri gerekti\u011fini belirtir. Bu, i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00f6revlilerinin kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131, \u015firketin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce tutamayacaklar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu iyi y\u00f6netim dikkat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00f6revlilerinin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri aras\u0131nda en temel olanlar\u0131d\u0131r ve ana s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle bu sorumluluklardan muaf tutulmalar\u0131 veya hafifletilmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bahsedilecek rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gibi somut y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler, bu iyi y\u00f6netim dikkat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn belirli durumlarda somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu somut d\u00fczenlemelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak iyi y\u00f6netim dikkat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali olarak kabul edilir ve i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00f6revlilerinin sorumlulu\u011funun yasal dayana\u011f\u0131 haline gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rekabetin_Onlenmesi_Sirket_Is_Firsatlarinin_Korunmasi_Japonya%E2%80%99da\"><\/span>Rekabetin \u00d6nlenmesi: \u015eirket \u0130\u015f F\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Japonya&#8217;da<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n konumlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak \u015firketin i\u015f f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131 gasp etmelerini \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla, Japon \u015firketler hukuku, &#8216;rekabetin \u00f6nlenmesi&#8217; ile ilgili kat\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler getirmi\u015ftir. Bu, i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini somutla\u015ft\u0131ran \u00f6nemli bir d\u00fczenlemedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Japon \u015firketler hukukunun 594. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, prensip olarak, di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n onay\u0131n\u0131 almad\u0131k\u00e7a belirli rekabet edici faaliyetlerde bulunamazlar. Bu d\u00fczenlemenin kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 &#8216;rekabet i\u015flemleri&#8217; iki t\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Birincisi, &#8216;kendi hesab\u0131na veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fi ad\u0131na, \u015firketin i\u015f kategorisine ait i\u015flemleri yapmakt\u0131r&#8217;. Bu, i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, \u015firketin i\u015fiyle do\u011frudan rekabet edecek i\u015flemleri kendi hesaplar\u0131na veya ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131na yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklar. \u0130kincisi, &#8216;\u015firketin i\u015fiyle ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrde i\u015f yapmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir \u015firketin y\u00f6neticisi, icra g\u00f6revlisi veya i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan olmakt\u0131r&#8217;. Bu, rekabet\u00e7i di\u011fer \u015firketlerin y\u00f6netimine kat\u0131lmay\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu d\u00fczenlemenin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi, onay gereklili\u011finin prensip olarak &#8216;di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oy birli\u011fi&#8217; olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Anonim \u015firketlerin y\u00f6neticilerinin y\u00f6netim kurulu veya hissedarlar toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funluk oyu ile onay alabilmesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu gereklilik \u00e7ok daha kat\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kat\u0131l\u0131k, kumpanya \u015firketlerinin kooperatif bir do\u011faya sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi temelinde y\u00fcr\u00fcmelerini yans\u0131t\u0131r. Tek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n bile kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda, rekabet edici faaliyet kabul edilmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yine de, Japon \u015firketler hukuku, kumpanya \u015firketlerine y\u00fcksek bir esneklik tan\u0131r ve bu kat\u0131 prensip, \u015firket ana s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde ayr\u0131 bir d\u00fczenleme yaparak de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ana s\u00f6zle\u015fmede &#8216;di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun onay\u0131&#8217; gibi, onay gereklili\u011fini hafifletmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle, i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n rekabetle ilgili spesifik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in, sadece \u015firketler hukukunun maddelerine de\u011fil, mutlaka o \u015firketin ana s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine de bakmak gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar bu d\u00fczenlemeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket ederek rekabet i\u015flemleri yapt\u0131klar\u0131nda bile, i\u015flemin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak ad\u0131na, bu i\u015flemler ge\u00e7erli say\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, ihlalde bulunan i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 tazminat sorumlulu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu konuda, Japon \u015firketler hukukunun 594. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131, \u015firket taraf\u0131n\u0131n ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir d\u00fczenleme getirir. Yani, rekabet i\u015fleminden dolay\u0131 i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin elde etti\u011fi k\u00e2r miktar\u0131, \u015firketin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar miktar\u0131 olarak kabul edilir. Bu sayede, \u015firket, zarar miktar\u0131n\u0131 spesifik olarak ispat etmek zorunda kalmadan, ihlalci taraf\u0131ndan elde edilen k\u00e2ra dayanarak tazminat talep edebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japonya%E2%80%99da_Sirket_ve_Calisanlarin_Cikar_Catismasi_Cikar_Catismasi_Islemlerinin_Sinirlanmasi\"><\/span>Japonya&#8217;da \u015eirket ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00c7\u0131kar \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: \u00c7\u0131kar \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u0130\u015flemlerinin S\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceliklendirerek \u015firketin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 feda etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek amac\u0131yla, Japon \u015firketler hukuku, &#8220;\u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131&#8221;n\u0131 belirlemi\u015ftir. Bu, i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 olan sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir \u00f6nemli sistemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Japon \u015firketler hukukunun 595. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131, i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemi yapmalar\u0131 durumunda, esas olarak, bu i\u015flem hakk\u0131nda, i\u015flemi y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun onay\u0131n\u0131 almak zorunda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenleme, rekabet i\u015flemlerinin onay gereksiniminin &#8220;herkesin oybirli\u011fi&#8221; ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda &#8220;\u00e7o\u011funluk&#8221; olarak belirlenmi\u015f olup, gereksinimlerin hafifletildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu, rekabet i\u015flemlerinin \u015firketin i\u015fiyle s\u00fcrekli rekabet eden ciddi bir tehdit olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin bireysel i\u015flemlerde fiyat veya ko\u015fullar\u0131n adilli\u011fi gibi konular\u0131n daha \u00f6n planda oldu\u011funu ve riskin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n nispeten farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu hukukun de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin d\u00fczenlemeye tabi oldu\u011fu ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki t\u00fcr vard\u0131r. Birincisi &#8220;do\u011frudan i\u015flemler&#8221;dir. Bu, i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n kendisi veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fi ad\u0131na \u015firketle do\u011frudan s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n kendi ad\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu gayrimenkul\u00fc \u015firkete satmas\u0131 veya \u015firketten para \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 almas\u0131 bu duruma dahildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130kincisi ise &#8220;dolayl\u0131 i\u015flemler&#8221;dir. Bu, \u015firket ile i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndaki i\u015flemler olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, esasen \u015firket ile i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemleri ifade eder. Tipik bir \u00f6rnek olarak, \u015firketin i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n ki\u015fisel borcu i\u00e7in kefalet vermesi veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n borcunu g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in \u015firket varl\u0131klar\u0131na teminat hakk\u0131 koymas\u0131 g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rekabet i\u015flemlerinin d\u00fczenlenmesi gibi, bu \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin onay gereksinimi de, t\u00fcz\u00fckte ayr\u0131 bir d\u00fczenleme konularak de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, daha \u00f6nemli i\u015flemler i\u00e7in onay gereksinimini art\u0131rabilir veya \u00f6nemsiz i\u015flemler i\u00e7in onay gereksinimini ortadan kald\u0131rabilirsiniz, bu da \u015firketin ger\u00e7ek durumuna g\u00f6re esnek bir tasar\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Onay al\u0131nmadan \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015flemin etkinli\u011fi, i\u015flem kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir, ancak i\u015flemin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak, esas olarak ge\u00e7erli olarak yorumlan\u0131r. Ancak, onay\u0131 ihmal eden i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, \u015firkete zarar verilmesi durumunda g\u00f6rev ihmali sorumlulu\u011fu ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, Japon \u015firketler hukukunun 595. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131, yasal onay al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in, Japon medeni hukukunun 108. maddesinde belirtilen kendi kendine s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapma ve \u00e7ift tarafl\u0131 vekillik yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmektedir. Bu sayede, onay i\u015flemlerinden ge\u00e7ildikten sonra, i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015flem taraf\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u015firketi temsil ederek s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japonya%E2%80%99daki_Godo_Kaisha_ve_Kabushiki_Kaisha_Yukumluluklerinin_Karsilastirilmasi\"><\/span>Japonya&#8217;daki G\u014dd\u014d Kaisha ve Kabushiki Kaisha Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Japonya&#8217;da G\u014dd\u014d Kaisha (S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Sorumluluk \u015eirketi) i\u015fletme y\u00fcr\u00fctme ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstlendi\u011fi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin \u00f6zelliklerini daha derinlemesine anlamak i\u00e7in, Japonya&#8217;daki en yayg\u0131n \u015firket t\u00fcr\u00fc olan Kabushiki Kaisha (Anonim \u015eirket) y\u00f6neticilerinin \u00fcstlendi\u011fi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak faydal\u0131d\u0131r. Her iki \u015firket t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri benzer olsa da, onay i\u015flemleri gibi \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, alt\u0131nda yatan organizasyon yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klardan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Temel fark, \u015firket ile y\u00f6neticiler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkide yatmaktad\u0131r. Kabushiki Kaisha&#8217;da, sahipler olan hissedarlar ile y\u00f6neticiler olan y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeleri prensip olarak ayr\u0131d\u0131r ve y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeleri ile \u015firket aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki yasal olarak &#8216;vekalet&#8217; ili\u015fkisi olarak kabul edilir. \u00d6te yandan, G\u014dd\u014d Kaisha&#8217;da, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 olan ortaklar y\u00f6netimi y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr ve sahiplik ile y\u00f6netim b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fletme y\u00fcr\u00fctme ortaklar\u0131 ile \u015firket aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, bir vekalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi de\u011fil, ortaklar aras\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme olan \u015firket ana s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu yap\u0131sal fark, rekabet\u00e7i i\u015flemler ve \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin onay gerekliliklerine do\u011frudan etki eder. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo, G\u014dd\u014d Kaisha i\u015fletme y\u00fcr\u00fctme ortaklar\u0131 ile Kabushiki Kaisha y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndaki onay gerekliliklerinin ana farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetlemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma Kriteri<\/td><td>G\u014dd\u014d Kaisha (\u0130\u015fletme Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Ortaklar\u0131)<\/td><td>Kabushiki Kaisha (Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Olmayan \u015eirket)<\/td><td>Kabushiki Kaisha (Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Olan \u015eirket)<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Rekabet\u00e7i \u0130\u015flemlerin Onay Mercii<\/td><td>Di\u011fer t\u00fcm ortaklar (prensip olarak)<\/td><td>Hissedarlar Genel Kurulu<\/td><td>Y\u00f6netim Kurulu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rekabet\u00e7i \u0130\u015flemlerin Onay Gereklilikleri<\/td><td>T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn oy birli\u011fi (prensip olarak)<\/td><td>Basit \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131<\/td><td>\u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fun onay\u0131<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c7\u0131kar \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u0130\u015flemlerinin Onay Mercii<\/td><td>Di\u011fer ortaklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu (prensip olarak)<\/td><td>Hissedarlar Genel Kurulu<\/td><td>Y\u00f6netim Kurulu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c7\u0131kar \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u0130\u015flemlerinin Onay Gereklilikleri<\/td><td>\u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fun oy birli\u011fi (prensip olarak)<\/td><td>Basit \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131<\/td><td>\u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fun onay\u0131<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ana S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile De\u011fi\u015fiklik<\/td><td>M\u00fcmk\u00fcn<\/td><td>M\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil (Onay merciinin de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil)<\/td><td>M\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil (Onay merciinin de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dayanak Madde<\/td><td>Kaisha-h\u014d (\u015eirketler Kanunu) Madde 594, 595<\/td><td>Kaisha-h\u014d (\u015eirketler Kanunu) Madde 356<\/td><td>Kaisha-h\u014d (\u015eirketler Kanunu) Madde 365, 356<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu tablodan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, G\u014dd\u014d Kaisha&#8217;n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fi &#8216;ana s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile de\u011fi\u015fiklik&#8217; yapabilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kabushiki Kaisha&#8217;da, rekabet\u00e7i ve \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin onay mercii yasalarla sabitlenmi\u015f olup, ana s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez. Ancak, G\u014dd\u014d Kaisha&#8217;da, bu son derece \u00f6nemli y\u00f6neti\u015fim konular\u0131n\u0131, \u015firketin ger\u00e7ek durumuna uygun \u015fekilde ana s\u00f6zle\u015fme arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla serbest\u00e7e tasarlayabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisinin \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir \u015firkette, yasalar\u0131n prensiplerine uygun olarak kat\u0131 kurallar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilirken, di\u011fer yandan, \u00e7ok say\u0131da orta\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 karar alman\u0131n gerekti\u011fi \u015firketlerde, onay gerekliliklerini gev\u015fetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu esneklik, G\u014dd\u014d Kaisha&#8217;n\u0131n cazibesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u015firket y\u00f6neti\u015fimini de\u011ferlendirirken ana s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin dikkatli bir \u015fekilde incelenmesinin neden zorunlu oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gorev_Ihmali_Sorumlulugu_Japonya%E2%80%99da_Yukumluluk_Ihlallerinin_Hukuki_Sonuclari\"><\/span>G\u00f6rev \u0130hmali Sorumlulu\u011fu: Japonya&#8217;da Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck \u0130hlallerinin Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, daha \u00f6nce bahsedilen dikkat ve sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra rekabetten ka\u00e7\u0131nma ve \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal ettiklerinde, hukuki sorumlulukla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131rlar. Bu sorumluluk &#8220;g\u00f6rev ihmali sorumlulu\u011fu&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve Japon \u015firketler hukuku, \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluk ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluk olmak \u00fczere iki t\u00fcr sorumluluk belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle, \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluk, Japon \u015firketler hukukunun 596. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu maddeye g\u00f6re, i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, &#8220;g\u00f6revlerini ihmal ettiklerinde&#8221;, ortakl\u0131k \u015firketine kar\u015f\u0131, bu ihmal sonucu do\u011fan zarar\u0131 tazmin etme sorumlulu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Birden fazla i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n g\u00f6rev ihmali konusunda ortak hareket etmeleri durumunda, bu ki\u015filer sorumlulu\u011fu m\u00fc\u015ftereken \u00fcstlenirler. Burada &#8220;g\u00f6revlerini ihmal ettiklerinde&#8221; ifadesi, dikkat ve sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcm eylemleri kapsar ve onay almadan rekabet i\u00e7eren i\u015flemler veya \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015flemleri yaparak \u015firkete zarar verilmesi gibi durumlar tipik \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130kinci olarak, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluk, Japon \u015firketler hukukunun 597. maddesinde belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu sorumluluk, i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirken \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara (m\u00fc\u015fteriler, alacakl\u0131lar vb.) zarar vermesi durumunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Ancak, \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluktan farkl\u0131 olarak, sorumlulu\u011fun kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in gereken \u015fartlar daha kat\u0131d\u0131r. Madde, i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarda &#8220;k\u00f6t\u00fc niyet veya a\u011f\u0131r ihmal oldu\u011funda&#8221; sadece, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara kar\u015f\u0131 zarar tazminat\u0131 sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlenirler \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Basit bir ihmal (hafif ihmal) durumunda, i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar bireysel olarak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011frudan sorumlu tutulmazlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu sorumluluk \u015fartlar\u0131ndaki fark, yasan\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r. \u015eirket i\u00e7indeki ili\u015fkilerde, i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fcksek bir dikkat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 beklenir ve en ufak bir dikkatsizlik bile sorumluluk do\u011furur. Bu sayede, i\u00e7 disiplin korunur. Di\u011fer yandan, d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slarla olan ili\u015fkilerde, i\u015f icra eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n normal i\u015f kararlar\u0131na e\u015flik eden risklerden a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede korkmadan, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve cesur kararlar alabilmeleri i\u00e7in korunmalar\u0131 gereklidir. E\u011fer hafif ihmallere bile \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slardan dava riski alt\u0131nda kal\u0131n\u0131rsa, y\u00f6netim \u00e7ekingenle\u015febilir. Bu nedenle, yasa, kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak zarar verilen durumlar (k\u00f6t\u00fc niyet) veya normal bir insan\u0131n asla g\u00f6stermeyece\u011fi dikkatsizlik durumlar\u0131 (a\u011f\u0131r ihmal) gibi son derece k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli vakalarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara kar\u015f\u0131 bireysel sorumlulu\u011fu kabul eder. Bu dengeli sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015firket y\u00f6netimini te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir hukuki temel olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ozet\"><\/span>\u00d6zet<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu makalede ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, Japon \u015firketler hukuku \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bir kumpanyan\u0131n i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme ortaklar\u0131, \u015firketin y\u00f6netimini \u00fcstlenen \u00f6nemli bir rol oynarken, ayn\u0131 zamanda genel bir dikkat ve sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi kapsaml\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u015firketin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ad\u0131na, rekabet etme eylemleri ve \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin i\u015flemlerde, genellikle di\u011fer ortaklar\u0131n onay\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren belirli k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar sonucunda \u015firkete veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara zarar verilirse, g\u00f6rev ihmali olarak bireylerin tazminat sorumlulu\u011fu ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilirler. \u00d6zellikle, kumpanyalar\u0131n t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kendi i\u00e7inde geni\u015f bir \u00f6zerkli\u011fe izin verdi\u011finden, her \u015firkete uygulanan \u00f6zel kurallar\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in, Japon hukukunun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile birlikte, o \u015firketin t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn mutlaka g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Monolith Hukuk B\u00fcrosu, Japonya&#8217;da bir\u00e7ok m\u00fc\u015fteriye, bu makalede ele al\u0131nan kumpanya y\u00f6neti\u015fimi ve y\u00f6neticilerin sorumluluklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin hukuki hizmetler sunmakta ve bu alanda zengin bir deneyime sahiptir. B\u00fcromuzda, sadece Japon avukatl\u0131k yeterlili\u011fine sahip olmakla kalmay\u0131p, ayn\u0131 zamanda yabanc\u0131 avukatl\u0131k yeterliliklerine ve \u0130ngilizce uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip profesyoneller bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu sayede, uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f ba\u011flam\u0131nda Japon \u015firketler hukukunun karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczenlemelerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir ve pratik tavsiyelerde bulunabiliriz. Kumpanyan\u0131n kurulu\u015fundan, t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tasar\u0131m\u0131na, i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme ile ilgili uyum sistemlerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131ndan, olas\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar, \u015firketinizin i\u015flerini hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde desteklemeye haz\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Japonya&#8217;daki \u015firket hukuku \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, Godo Kaisha (GK) kurulu\u015f i\u015flemlerinin kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6zerk anayasal d\u00fczenlemelerin izin verilmesi sayesinde, hem yerli hem de yabanc\u0131 i\u015fletmel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":74616,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,89],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74615"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74615"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74638,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74615\/revisions\/74638"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}