{"id":58239,"date":"2023-09-22T15:56:21","date_gmt":"2023-09-22T06:56:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/?p=58239"},"modified":"2023-10-18T14:35:56","modified_gmt":"2023-10-18T05:35:56","slug":"categories-of-cyber-crime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime","title":{"rendered":"3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>&#8220;T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng&#8221; l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed&#8221;. C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 &#8220;hacking (cracking)&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh ba m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba n\u1ebfu tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 &#8220;n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n&#8221; theo ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 &#8220;b\u00e1o c\u00e1o&#8221; v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, &#8220;bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba&#8221; s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Phan_loai_3_loai_toi_pham_mang\" title=\"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i 3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i 3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Toi_pham_may_tinh_la_gi\" title=\"T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Toi_pha_hoai_may_tinh_dien_tu_va_can_tro_cong_viec\" title=\"T\u1ed9i ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\">T\u1ed9i ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Su_khac_biet_so_voi_truy_cap_trai_phep_la_gi\" title=\"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#De_khuyen_nghi_dieu_tra_cua_canh_sat\" title=\"\u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t\">\u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Giai_quyet_dan_su_kho_khan\" title=\"Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n\">Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Toi_pham_su_dung_mang\" title=\"T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng\">T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Nan_nhan_cua_loi_lang_ma_tren_Internet\" title=\"N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean Internet\">N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean Internet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Thiet_hai_do_giao_tiep_mot-mot_nhu_email\" title=\"Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 email\">Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 email<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Thiet_hai_do_hinh_anh_khieu_dam_hoac_trang_web_bat_hop_phap\" title=\"Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh khi\u00eau d\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c trang web b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\">Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh khi\u00eau d\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c trang web b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Vi_pham_Luat_cam_truy_cap_trai_phep\" title=\"Vi ph\u1ea1m Lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p\">Vi ph\u1ea1m Lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Hanh_vi_bi_Luat_cam_truy_cap_trai_phep_cam\" title=\"H\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb Lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5m\">H\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb Lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Giai_quyet_thong_qua_canh_sat\" title=\"Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t\">Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_3_loai_toi_pham_mang\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i 3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/categories-of-cyber-crime1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8068\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean, t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sau, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng: C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng Internet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p: C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, v.v.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Toi_pham_may_tinh_la_gi\"><\/span>T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Toi_pha_hoai_may_tinh_dien_tu_va_can_tro_cong_viec\"><\/span>T\u1ed9i ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n ghi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 tri\u1ec7u y\u00ean.<br><\/p>\n<cite>\u0110i\u1ec1u 224-2 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i PC d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> G\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn PC d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khi\u1ebfn PC ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v.v. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trang web c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c &#8220;\u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p&#8221; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m &#8220;vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p&#8221; s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp sau, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi thao t\u00e1c tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, x\u00f3a, vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, v.v. l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_khac_biet_so_voi_truy_cap_trai_phep_la_gi\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0, lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DoS. G\u1eedi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn email, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 email, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o trang web, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web, v.v. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 xem t\u1eebng email ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp, th\u00ec h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (PC) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng email ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf trang web. Do \u0111\u00f3, &#8220;kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c&#8221;. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"De_khuyen_nghi_dieu_tra_cua_canh_sat\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/categories-of-cyber-crime2-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8069\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DoS \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi 1 tri\u1ec7u email ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;DDoS&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn email ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 &#8220;th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn&#8221;. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, t\u1eebng email ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp ri\u00eang l\u1ebb l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. V\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng &#8220;m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn email ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp do c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&#8221; d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1? \u0110\u00fang, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong t\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng &#8220;vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn email nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb PC c\u1ee7a nghi can&#8221; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 &#8220;do ai&#8221;, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i &#8220;t\u1eeb PC n\u00e0o&#8221;. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft t\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn xem x\u00e9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, &#8220;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb PC c\u1ee7a nghi can, nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng do ch\u00ednh nghi can th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng&#8221;. Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c &#8220;ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00e1n oan&#8221;, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t do d\u1ef1 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ngay sau khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 &#8220;r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh nghi can&#8221; b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, v.v. \u0110i\u1ec1u tra b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt IT v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_quyet_dan_su_kho_khan\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t th\u00ec t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn email, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n g\u1eedi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong email (trong ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 email), v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edf c\u1eeda n\u00e0y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i do l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean Internet, v.v., c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edf th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi theo Lu\u1eadt gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edf n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn cho<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">Giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Internet c\u00f4ng khai cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng cao c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khi kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c h\u01a1n&#8230; nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/corporate\/denial-of-service-attack-dos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/corporate\/denial-of-service-attack-dos[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Toi_pham_su_dung_mang\"><\/span>T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nan_nhan_cua_loi_lang_ma_tren_Internet\"><\/span>N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean Internet<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/categories-of-cyber-crime3-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8070\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i qua m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho danh ti\u1ebfng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u1eddi l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean Internet kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Vi ph\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng vi ph\u1ea1m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi theo Lu\u1eadt Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (Japanese Provider Liability Limitation Act) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung, c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady do th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1&#8221;. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m theo lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/practices\/reputation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/practices\/reputation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet_hai_do_giao_tiep_mot-mot_nhu_email\"><\/span>Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 email<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/categories-of-cyber-crime5-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8071\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi email theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 email ho\u1eb7c DM tr\u00ean Twitter. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 email c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111e d\u1ecda ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi theo Lu\u1eadt Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Internet c\u00f4ng khai cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng giao ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ean Internet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp khi h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/email-sender-identification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/email-sender-identification[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet_hai_do_hinh_anh_khieu_dam_hoac_trang_web_bat_hop_phap\"><\/span>Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh khi\u00eau d\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c trang web b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u0103ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c video kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang web ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn (tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00f4ng khai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh khi\u00eau d\u00e2m)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c trang web casino b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Trang web l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng giao h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi quay l\u00e9n trong ph\u00f2ng thay \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quay l\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Internet, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u00e0nh vi quay l\u00e9n l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p l\u00e9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, ngay c\u1ea3 khi doanh thu c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ea3m do s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c trang web casino b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c trang web l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, ho\u1eb7c uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ea3m, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5m, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhau) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 coi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho trang web l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o) l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, v\u00ec v\u1eady, ngay c\u1ea3 khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &#8220;n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n&#8221;, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty (nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, v.v.), c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n&#8221; ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_pham_Luat_cam_truy_cap_trai_phep\"><\/span>Vi ph\u1ea1m Lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hanh_vi_bi_Luat_cam_truy_cap_trai_phep_cam\"><\/span>H\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb Lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m theo Lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p. Lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>H\u00e0nh vi truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> H\u00e0nh vi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> H\u00e0nh vi l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh vi truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>H\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o: nh\u1eadp ID v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> H\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt: l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp ID v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e0nh vi th\u1ee9 hai, h\u00e0nh vi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (ID, m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, v.v.) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/categories-of-cyber-crime6-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8072\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c trang web phishing l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ee9 ba, h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c trang web phishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/unauthorized-computer-access\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/unauthorized-computer-access[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_quyet_thong_qua_canh_sat\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 IT v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m, vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng&#8221; l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":58901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[35,19],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58239"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58239"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58902,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58239\/revisions\/58902"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}