{"id":58299,"date":"2023-09-22T15:56:23","date_gmt":"2023-09-22T06:56:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/?p=58299"},"modified":"2025-11-06T15:01:46","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T06:01:46","slug":"defamation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean Internet \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean Internet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb truy c\u1ee9u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00ec x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Dinh_nghia_ve_phi_bang_danh_du\" title=\"\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Trach_nhiem_phap_ly_dan_su_va_hinh_su_ve_toi_phi_bang_danh_du\" title=\"Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1\">Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Muc_do_boi_thuong\" title=\"M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Su_khac_biet_giua_phi_bang_danh_du_va_si_nhuc\" title=\"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Yeu_cau_de_kien_vi_toi_phi_bang_danh_du\" title=\"Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#%E2%80%9CCong_khai%E2%80%9D_la_gi\" title=\"&#8220;C\u00f4ng khai&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">&#8220;C\u00f4ng khai&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#%E2%80%9CChi_ra_su_that%E2%80%9D_la_gi\" title=\"&#8220;Ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec\">&#8220;Ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Pham_toi_phi_bang_danh_du_trong_dan_su_co_the_xay_ra_ngay_ca_khi_khong_co_su_chi_ro_su_that\" title=\"Ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 trong d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\">Ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 trong d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#%E3%80%8CPha_hoai_danh_du_cua_nguoi_khac%E3%80%8D_nghia_la_gi\" title=\"\u300cPh\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u300d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">\u300cPh\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u300d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Yeu_cau_cong_nhan_kha_nang_xac_dinh\" title=\"Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Dieu_kien_khong_thanh_lap_toi_phi_bang_danh_du\" title=\"\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#%E2%80%9CCong_cong%E2%80%9D_la_gi\" title=\"&#8220;C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">&#8220;C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#%E2%80%9CCong_ich%E2%80%9D_la_gi\" title=\"&#8220;C\u00f4ng \u00edch&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">&#8220;C\u00f4ng \u00edch&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#%E2%80%9CSu_that%E2%80%9D_va_%E2%80%9CHop_ly%E2%80%9D_la_gi\" title=\"&#8220;S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;H\u1ee3p l\u00fd&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">&#8220;S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;H\u1ee3p l\u00fd&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Vi_du_ve_viec_khoi_kien_vi_toi_phi_bang_danh_du\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Vi_du_ve_viec_retweet_tren_Twitter_bi_xem_la_phi_bang_danh_du\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c retweet tr\u00ean Twitter b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c retweet tr\u00ean Twitter b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Vi_du_ve_viec_gui_email_tai_noi_lam_viec_bi_xem_la_phi_bang_danh_du\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi email t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi email t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Vi_du_ve_viec_khong_cong_nhan_hanh_vi_phi_bang_danh_du\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/#Tom_tat_Neu_muon_kien_vi_toi_phi_bang_danh_du_hay_xac_nhan_cac_dieu_kien_can_thiet\" title=\"T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinh_nghia_ve_phi_bang_danh_du\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71824\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:841px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-2.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-2-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb truy c\u1ee9u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 709 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Japanese Civil Code) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb truy c\u1ee9u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 230 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Japanese Penal Code), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trach_nhiem_phap_ly_dan_su_va_hinh_su_ve_toi_phi_bang_danh_du\"><\/span>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb truy c\u1ee9u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i (theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 709 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ngo\u00e0i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u (theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 723 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u0103ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o xin l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c danh d\u1ef1. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean Internet, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00f3a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng. Trong v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb truy c\u1ee9u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 (theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 230 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea1t ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi 500.000 y\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1 khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n (theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 232 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muc_do_boi_thuong\"><\/span>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng, do c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, m\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1 tri\u1ec7u y\u00ean, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 500.000 y\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_khac_biet_giua_phi_bang_danh_du_va_si_nhuc\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb gi\u1ed1ng nhau. S\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f4ng khai ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1926 (n\u0103m 15 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Taisho) (1926), T\u1eadp 5, trang 303). N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n coi th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea3 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m danh d\u1ef1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh&#8221;, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n&#8221; c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i &#8220;ng\u1ed1c&#8221;, &#8220;k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu&#8221;, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1. Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u1ed9i s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp sau, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/honor-feelings-part1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/honor-feelings-part1[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yeu_cau_de_kien_vi_toi_phi_bang_danh_du\"><\/span>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" data-id=\"71825\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71825\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-3.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-3-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng khai ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9 ba n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u1edbi 500.000 y\u00ean.&#8221;<\/p>\n<cite>\u0110i\u1ec1u 230, \u0110i\u1ec1u 1, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp theo B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n khi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>C\u00f4ng khai<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CCong_khai%E2%80%9D_la_gi\"><\/span>&#8220;C\u00f4ng khai&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;C\u00f4ng khai&#8221; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8221;. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n &#8220;kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;\u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o&#8221;, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t trong hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp l\u00e0 &#8220;x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221;, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1 mua s\u1eafm l\u00e0 &#8220;kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221;. &#8220;\u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o&#8221; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 &#8220;\u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp&#8221; l\u00e0 &#8220;x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221; nh\u01b0ng &#8220;\u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o&#8221;, v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t trong hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n &#8220;kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o&#8221;, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n &#8220;c\u00f4ng khai&#8221;. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u &#8220;t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp&#8221;, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu &#8220;g\u1eedi email cho ai \u0111\u00f3&#8221;, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho m\u1ed9t &#8220;s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221;, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n &#8220;kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o&#8221;. Do \u0111\u00f3, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng coi l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho m\u1ed9t &#8220;s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221; nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00f4ng khai&#8221;. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 l\u00e0, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng &#8220;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1&#8221; s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho m\u1ed9t &#8220;s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221;, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00f4ng khai&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc tin \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00f4ng khai&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CChi_ra_su_that%E2%80%9D_la_gi\"><\/span>&#8220;Ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221;. &#8220;S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay sai th\u00f4ng qua b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng &#8220;Hamburger c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty A ngon h\u01a1n hamburger c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty B&#8221;, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. S\u1edf th\u00edch th\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u &#8220;h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem ai \u0111\u00fang&#8221;. Do \u0111\u00f3, theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221;. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng &#8220;C\u00f3 con gi\u00e1n trong hamburger c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty A&#8221;, \u0111\u00fang hay sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221;. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb &#8220;c\u00f4ng ty \u0111en&#8221; c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; hay kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/black-companies-dafamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/black-companies-dafamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khung c\u1ea3nh n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, v.v. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/delationrequest-for-defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/delationrequest-for-defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1. &#8220;S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c &#8220;\u0111\u00fang hay sai&#8221;. Do \u0111\u00f3, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1, nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn sau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 &#8220;l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>X\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 &#8220;l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pham_toi_phi_bang_danh_du_trong_dan_su_co_the_xay_ra_ngay_ca_khi_khong_co_su_chi_ro_su_that\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 trong d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 trong d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n danh d\u1ef1) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 trong d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 theo lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng qua \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/expressions-and-defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/expressions-and-defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E3%80%8CPha_hoai_danh_du_cua_nguoi_khac%E3%80%8D_nghia_la_gi\"><\/span>\u300cPh\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u300d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1, &#8220;danh d\u1ef1&#8221; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, &#8220;ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c&#8221; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 &#8220;ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i&#8221;, &#8220;ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh&#8221;, &#8220;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 trong kinh doanh&#8221;, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hay l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, &#8220;b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng do m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3&#8221; kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c danh d\u1ef1), do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd theo lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu vi ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i quy\u1ec1n danh d\u1ef1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c danh d\u1ef1, ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh, theo c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kho\u1ea3ng 70% l\u00e0 &#8220;ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 (quy\u1ec1n danh d\u1ef1)&#8221;, kho\u1ea3ng 20% l\u00e0 &#8220;quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1)&#8221;, v\u00e0 10% c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 &#8220;c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c danh d\u1ef1&#8221; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 khi &#8220;vi ph\u1ea1m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c danh d\u1ef1&#8221;, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-and-infringement-of-self-esteem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-and-infringement-of-self-esteem[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yeu_cau_cong_nhan_kha_nang_xac_dinh\"><\/span>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u &#8220;gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8221;, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;\u0111\u1ed3ng danh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecd&#8221;. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng t\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u1ea9n danh nh\u01b0 5chan, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 &#8220;K.S c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n A \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u0103n c\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty&#8221;, th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u00ean K.S l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 t\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef A. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y th\u00f4i th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng &#8220;\u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh&#8221;, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-privacy-infringement-identifiability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-privacy-infringement-identifiability[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_kien_khong_thanh_lap_toi_phi_bang_danh_du\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71826\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-4.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-4-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-4-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh vi nh\u1eadn h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia b\u1ecb x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn. H\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 theo quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 danh d\u1ef1, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>C\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng \u00edch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CCong_cong%E2%80%9D_la_gi\"><\/span>&#8220;C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 &#8220;ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1&#8221; c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 scandal c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Theo ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia hay quan ch\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kinh doanh BtoC ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn &#8220;t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng&#8221; th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CCong_ich%E2%80%9D_la_gi\"><\/span>&#8220;C\u00f4ng \u00edch&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f4ng \u00edch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u00edch. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 &#8220;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&#8221;. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 scandal c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tam gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Theo ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft, khi x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng \u00edch, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n khi ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt (T\u1ed1i cao H\u00f2a th\u1ea9m vi\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1981 (n\u0103m Showa 56), T\u1eadp 35, s\u1ed1 3, trang 84). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 tr\u00ean Internet, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, c\u00f4ng \u00edch ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn khi &#8220;d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i l\u00e0 ai, b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng \u00edch&#8221;. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng \u00edch trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CSu_that%E2%80%9D_va_%E2%80%9CHop_ly%E2%80%9D_la_gi\"><\/span>&#8220;S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;H\u1ee3p l\u00fd&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ee3p l\u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ngay c\u1ea3 khi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra l\u00e0 sai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 l\u00fd do h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi xem x\u00e9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, n\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng \u00edch, v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u00fd do h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi xem x\u00e9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u00edt khi x\u1ea3y ra, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lifeline. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i &#8220;kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi xem x\u00e9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u00edch&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, h\u00e3y xem b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-dueto-stealthmarketing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-dueto-stealthmarketing[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_ve_viec_khoi_kien_vi_toi_phi_bang_danh_du\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" data-id=\"71827\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71827\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-5.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-5-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-5-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_ve_viec_retweet_tren_Twitter_bi_xem_la_phi_bang_danh_du\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c retweet tr\u00ean Twitter b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean Twitter, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb retweet, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 retweet. T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m Reiwa 3 (2021) (s\u1ed1 14093 Reiwa 2, v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v.v.) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c retweet cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi tweet g\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 retweet m\u1ed9t tweet ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m Osaka v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m Reiwa 2 (2020) (s\u1ed1 2126 Reiwa 1, v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu tweet g\u1ed1c ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, vi\u1ec7c retweet s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hay \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t tweet l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean Twitter l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c retweet m\u1ed9t tweet nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_ve_viec_gui_email_tai_noi_lam_viec_bi_xem_la_phi_bang_danh_du\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi email t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eedi email cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f4ng ty v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00ec t\u1ed9i \u0103n c\u1eafp, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c, \u0111e d\u1ecda, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed9i khai man, T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m Heisei 29 (2017) (s\u1ed1 19355 Heisei 28, v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f2i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 &#8220;c\u00f4ng khai&#8221; hay kh\u00f4ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn email v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lan truy\u1ec1n, vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi email \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00f4ng khai&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_ve_viec_khong_cong_nhan_hanh_vi_phi_bang_danh_du\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/cases-not-recognized-as-defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/Monolith.law\/reputation\/cases-not-recognized-as-defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tom_tat_Neu_muon_kien_vi_toi_phi_bang_danh_du_hay_xac_nhan_cac_dieu_kien_can_thiet\"><\/span>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" data-id=\"71829\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71829\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-6.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-6-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/defamation-6-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00f4ng khai&#8221;, &#8220;ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c&#8221;, tr\u1eeb khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cao. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y qua video, h\u00e3y xem video tr\u00ean k\u00eanh YouTube c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u3010\u540d\u8a89\u6bc0\u640d\u3011\u6210\u7acb\u8981\u4ef6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pPYN_5k_5P4?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1&#038;origin=https:\/\/monolith.law\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean Internet \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":71823,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58299"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58299"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71830,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58299\/revisions\/71830"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}