{"id":58820,"date":"2023-10-06T11:22:22","date_gmt":"2023-10-06T02:22:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/?p=58820"},"modified":"2023-10-23T15:47:19","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T06:47:19","slug":"dead-person-defamation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/dead-person-defamation","title":{"rendered":"Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Khi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. V\u1eady, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec sao? Li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp hay kh\u00f4ng? Vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<cite>\u0110i\u1ec1u 230 kho\u1ea3n 2 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t&#8221; s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t &#8220;b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/dead-person-defamation\/#Phi_bang_danh_du_cua_nguoi_da_mat_trong_Luat_dan_su_Nhat_Ban\" title=\"Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t trong Lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\">Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t trong Lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/dead-person-defamation\/#Vu_viec_dau_tien_lien_quan_den_tinh_cam_ton_kinh_va_nho_nhung_nguoi_da_mat_cua_gia_dinh\" title=\"V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb nhung ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh\">V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb nhung ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/dead-person-defamation\/#Vu_viec_bi_cao_buoc_lam_ton_hai_danh_du_cua_gia_dinh_nguoi_da_mat\" title=\"V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t\">V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/dead-person-defamation\/#Vu_viec_bi_cao_buoc_xam_pham_tinh_cam_ton_kinh_va_nho_on_doi_voi_nguoi_da_mat_cua_gia_dinh\" title=\"V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \">V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/dead-person-defamation\/#Quyen_yeu_cau_boi_thuong_tinh_than_co_the_duoc_ke_thua_hay_khong\" title=\"Quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba hay kh\u00f4ng?\">Quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/dead-person-defamation\/#Tom_tat\" title=\"T\u00f3m t\u1eaft\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phi_bang_danh_du_cua_nguoi_da_mat_trong_Luat_dan_su_Nhat_Ban\"><\/span>Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t trong Lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong Lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Japanese Civil Law), vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Theo Lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, n\u1ebfu vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 do, danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do vi ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1, c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch. N\u00f3i chung, quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t trong Lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>C\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn &#8220;t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n&#8221; l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2, ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vu_viec_dau_tien_lien_quan_den_tinh_cam_ton_kinh_va_nho_nhung_nguoi_da_mat_cua_gia_dinh\"><\/span>V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb nhung ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n xoay quanh ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft &#8220;\u843d\u65e5\u71c3\u3086&#8221; c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Shiro Shiba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/dead-person-defamation-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25296\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\u843d\u65e5\u71c3\u3086&#8221; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u1ebd n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Hiroki K\u014dki, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3y t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1ng A b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a Tokyo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao A (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Hiroki. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 &#8220;Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n. (Hiroki, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, nh\u0103n m\u00e0y v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a A, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng &#8220;kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean gi\u00f3&#8221;).&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con, nh\u01b0ng X (nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o), ch\u00e1u trai c\u1ee7a A, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 con ru\u1ed9t, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n Shiro Shiba v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o xin l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng 1 tri\u1ec7u y\u00ean, v\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u0103n c\u1ee9, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 A nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng khinh \u0111\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao, l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a A, v\u00e0 X, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n k\u00ednh A nh\u01b0 cha ru\u1ed9t, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo, v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng do h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra khung ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1, h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2, ch\u1ec9 khi danh d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p&#8221;<\/p>\n<cite>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1977 (Showa 52)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>X \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p cao Tokyo trong phi\u00ean t\u00f2a kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n do h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn tinh th\u1ea7n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean. V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb nhung ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb nhung ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t ngay sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed theo th\u1eddi gian. Do \u0111\u00f3, theo th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 do t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3i \u00edch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>trong khi \u0111\u00f3,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>A \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1929, v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1974, sau h\u01a1n 44 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i qua c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra l\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb nhung ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt sai l\u1ec7ch, v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p trong h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<cite><em>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1979 (Showa 54) c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p cao Tokyo<\/em> <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua h\u01a1n 44 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng &#8220;t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb nhung ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-\u30b3\u30fc\u30dd\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\uff08\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\uff09 wp-block-embed-\u30b3\u30fc\u30dd\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\uff08\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\uff09\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"lIo5On5LZG\"><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng&#8221; &#8212; \u30b3\u30fc\u30dd\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\uff08\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\uff09\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation\/embed#?secret=X8IojejQSJ#?secret=lIo5On5LZG\" data-secret=\"lIo5On5LZG\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vu_viec_bi_cao_buoc_lam_ton_hai_danh_du_cua_gia_dinh_nguoi_da_mat\"><\/span>V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/pixta_13678170_M-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5914\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> <br>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn do vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n (m\u1eb9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1972, c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u0103n h\u1ed9 n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1i si\u00eau th\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tin \u0111\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nam n\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh y\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. T\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m (nam gi\u1edbi) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng c\u0103n h\u1ed9, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quen bi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng, tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c gi\u1eefa anh ta v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 anh ta tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, do \u0111\u00f3 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ebft n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch n\u1eb7ng cho ch\u1ed3ng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u1ea1t Shizuoka \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, Shizuoka Shimbun \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 &#8220;M\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i r\u1eafc trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8221; v\u00e0 trong n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng &#8220;v\u1ee3 n\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;t\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean si\u00eau th\u1ecb g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y&#8221;, t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi t\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-\u30b3\u30fc\u30dd\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\uff08\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\uff09 wp-block-embed-\u30b3\u30fc\u30dd\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\uff08\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\uff09\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"eMTxvyXRHo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation-and-decline-in-social-reputation\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp &#8216;T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng danh d\u1ef1&#8217; l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp &#8216;T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng danh d\u1ef1&#8217; l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&#8221; &#8212; \u30b3\u30fc\u30dd\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\uff08\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\uff09\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/defamation-and-decline-in-social-reputation\/embed#?secret=7nTbHxcCZs#?secret=eMTxvyXRHo\" data-secret=\"eMTxvyXRHo\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n, c\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 sau khi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng, trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u01a1i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>X\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i do b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u00e1o, n\u00f3i chung, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1981 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u1ea1t Shizuoka<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0, &#8220;Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u00e1o l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n&#8221;, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p do l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u1edd b\u00e1o tr\u1ea3 300.000 y\u00ean ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vu_viec_bi_cao_buoc_xam_pham_tinh_cam_ton_kinh_va_nho_on_doi_voi_nguoi_da_mat_cua_gia_dinh\"><\/span>V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/shutterstock_727166038-1024x688.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5940\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p khi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh (x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1987, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed &#8220;Focus&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 &#8220;D\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Kobe \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t v\u00ec AIDS&#8221;, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p tr\u1ed9m kh\u00f4ng xin ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u25cb\u25cb) trong l\u1ec5 tang, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00f4 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1eafc AIDS t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n bar m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac chia s\u1ebb kh\u00e1ch quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1eef ti\u1ebfp vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u25cb\u25cb v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, T\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u1ea1t Osaka \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, &#8220;Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng trong v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n, quy\u1ec1n danh d\u1ef1, quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u25cb\u25cb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u1eddi, h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng (n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 theo lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, do \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qua \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00e0 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung n\u00e0o trong lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t&#8221;, v\u00e0 &#8220;V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u25cb\u25cb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m&#8221;. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t xem quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u25cb\u25cb c\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u25cb\u25cb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng do b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u25cb\u25cb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u25cb\u25cb kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. Do nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u25cb\u25cb, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u25cb\u25cb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1989 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u1ea1t Osaka<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, T\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u1ea1t Osaka \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed &#8220;Focus&#8221; ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 1 tri\u1ec7u y\u00ean ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 100.000 y\u00ean ti\u1ec1n ph\u00ed lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 1,1 tri\u1ec7u y\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/compensation-for-defamation-damages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/compensation-for-defamation-damages[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quyen_yeu_cau_boi_thuong_tinh_than_co_the_duoc_ke_thua_hay_khong\"><\/span>Quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba hay kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 A \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a B, sau \u0111\u00f3 B qua \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Japanese Supreme Court). Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft g\u1ed1c cho r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y vi ph\u1ea1m quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, v\u00e0 T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n do c\u1ed1 \u00fd ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n, ngay khi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi h\u1ecd b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. Tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 khi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n qua \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n<cite>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1967 (Showa 42)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi l\u00fd do r\u1eb1ng &#8220;Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t sinh, l\u1ee3i \u00edch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0y, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0o cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba k\u1ebf&#8221;, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ee5 \u00e1n cho t\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tom_tat\"><\/span>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi danh d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n. Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. V\u1eady, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec sao? Li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ec9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":59281,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58820"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58820"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58820\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59282,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58820\/revisions\/59282"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59281"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}