{"id":58830,"date":"2023-10-06T11:22:22","date_gmt":"2023-10-06T02:22:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/?p=58830"},"modified":"2025-11-17T17:57:15","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T08:57:15","slug":"privacy-invasion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0. Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 vi ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>N\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n, ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n, v.v&#8230; b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9&#8230;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng khai b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Vi_pham_quyen_rieng_tu_la_gi\" title=\"Vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec\">Vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Vi_du_dien_hinh_ve_vi_pham_quyen_rieng_tu_duoc_cong_nhan_trong_cac_phan_quyet\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Quyen_rieng_tu_duoc_cong_nhan_trong_cac_vu_kien\" title=\"Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n\">Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Vu_%E2%80%9CSau_bua_tiec%E2%80%9D_va_quyen_rieng_tu\" title=\"V\u1ee5 &#8220;Sau b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c&#8221; v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0\">V\u1ee5 &#8220;Sau b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c&#8221; v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Su_that_cua_noi_dung_duoc_mo_ta_khong_phai_la_van_de\" title=\"S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\">S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Tu_do_bieu_dat_trong_van_hoc_khong_phai_la_tuyet_doi\" title=\"T\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\">T\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Vu_%E2%80%9CCa_boi_trong_da%E2%80%9D_va_quyen_rieng_tu\" title=\"V\u1ee5 &#8220;C\u00e1 b\u01a1i trong \u0111\u00e1&#8221; v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0\">V\u1ee5 &#8220;C\u00e1 b\u01a1i trong \u0111\u00e1&#8221; v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Hinh_dang_ca_nhan_thuoc_ve_quyen_rieng_tu_khong\" title=\"H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng?\">H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Pham_vi_xam_pham_quyen_rieng_tu_duoc_cong_nhan_trong_toa_an\" title=\"Ph\u1ea1m vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong t\u00f2a \u00e1n\">Ph\u1ea1m vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong t\u00f2a \u00e1n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Loi_ich_khi_yeu_cau_dich_vu_cua_luat_su\" title=\"L\u1ee3i \u00edch khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Tom_tat\" title=\"T\u00f3m t\u1eaft\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_pham_quyen_rieng_tu_la_gi\"><\/span>Vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9, v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, th\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 khi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t theo lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_dien_hinh_ve_vi_pham_quyen_rieng_tu_duoc_cong_nhan_trong_cac_phan_quyet\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n, ti\u1ec1n s\u1ef1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u1ed1c g\u00e1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh vi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng tr\u00ean Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 &#8220;vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0&#8221;, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 &#8220;vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0&#8221;. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e1p l\u00fd tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt theo B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1eady quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quyen_rieng_tu_duoc_cong_nhan_trong_cac_vu_kien\"><\/span>Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;quy\u1ec1n&#8221; trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 &#8220;Sau b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c&#8221;. Trong v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">(1) \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<br>(2) \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng khai n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd, lo l\u1eafng khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai<br> (3) \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vu_%E2%80%9CSau_bua_tiec%E2%80%9D_va_quyen_rieng_tu\"><\/span>V\u1ee5 &#8220;Sau b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c&#8221; v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71877\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-2.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-2-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a &#8220;quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0&#8221; l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft &#8220;Sau b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c&#8221; do Mishima Yukio xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960 (Showa 35).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Arita Hachiro, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m ngo\u1ea1i giao vi\u00ean, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao, v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed l\u00e0m Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng Tokyo hai l\u1ea7n. Arita, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh Noguchi Yukio, \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Mishima v\u00e0 Shinchosha tr\u1ea3 1 tri\u1ec7u y\u00ean ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o xin l\u1ed7i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn tinh th\u1ea7n do n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. Arita \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, &#8220;Sau b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo \u0111\u00e3 ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1964 (Showa 39), y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Mishima v\u00e0 Shinchosha c\u00f9ng nhau tr\u1ea3 800.000 y\u00ean cho Arita (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o xin l\u1ed7i), v\u00e0 trong ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft, t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng &#8220;quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng khai cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n&#8221;. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_that_cua_noi_dung_duoc_mo_ta_khong_phai_la_van_de\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 &#8220;ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1&#8221; l\u00e0 &#8220;\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec&#8221;, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, v.v. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u &#8220;ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1&#8221; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn &#8220;vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tu_do_bieu_dat_trong_van_hoc_khong_phai_la_tuyet_doi\"><\/span>T\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t. V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, &#8220;N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u1edf tr\u00ean, th\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u00fd do h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng khai cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean.&#8221; v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp theo m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 &#8220;li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 hay kh\u00f4ng&#8221;.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vu_%E2%80%9CCa_boi_trong_da%E2%80%9D_va_quyen_rieng_tu\"><\/span>V\u1ee5 &#8220;C\u00e1 b\u01a1i trong \u0111\u00e1&#8221; v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71878\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-3.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-3-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;C\u00e1 b\u01a1i trong \u0111\u00e1&#8221; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed &#8220;Shincho&#8221; s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1994 (Heisei 6), l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a Yanagi Miri. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Yanagi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u l\u1edbn tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tin t\u1ee9c g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Yanagi vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u00e0m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 mua cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1c l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00ec vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yanagi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng &#8220;nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n, v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, n\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t cao. Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp&#8221; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tranh c\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo, trong phi\u00ean t\u00f2a s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Yanagi Miri, Shinchosha v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 1 tri\u1ec7u y\u00ean ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ri\u00eang Yanagi Miri ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam 300.000 y\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft, t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cao, vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo, ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1999 (Heisei 11)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Yanagi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng T\u00f2a \u00e1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Tokyo \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2001 (Heisei 13), v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng &#8220;vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng khai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i u l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n&#8221;, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yanagi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb l\u00ean T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i cao, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2002 (Heisei 14), T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i cao, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf phi\u00ean t\u00f2a, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng &#8220;vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng khai quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1, quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef&#8221;, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng danh d\u1ef1, v.v. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u00ean kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, v.v. v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-privacy-infringement-identifiability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-privacy-infringement-identifiability[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hinh_dang_ca_nhan_thuoc_ve_quyen_rieng_tu_khong\"><\/span>H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 hay kh\u00f4ng. Yanagi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng &#8220;quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng&#8221;, nh\u01b0ng trong ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m, &#8220;ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng quen bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i u l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o, &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00edt, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 xung quanh&#8221;, v\u00e0 &#8220;thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i u tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pham_vi_xam_pham_quyen_rieng_tu_duoc_cong_nhan_trong_toa_an\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea1m vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong t\u00f2a \u00e1n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71879\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-4.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-4-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-4-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 &#8220;Sau b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c&#8221; hay &#8220;C\u00e1 b\u01a1i trong \u0111\u00e1&#8221; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a sau \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea1m vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111ang d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m phi h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u &#8220;Ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f2n&#8221;, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n&#8221;. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Sau khi nh\u1eadn \u00e1n ph\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 y\u00ean b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh do vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1i cao ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1994 (Heisei 6)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, trong ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, &#8220;quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean th\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh, ch\u1ec9 khi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1995 (Heisei 7), T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng &#8220;D\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, t\u01b0 duy, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n&#8221;, v\u00e0 &#8220;\u0110i\u1ec1u 13 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 do trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1 do trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7, do \u0111\u00f3, khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi_ich_khi_yeu_cau_dich_vu_cua_luat_su\"><\/span>L\u1ee3i \u00edch khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c thay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Khi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra, h\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n thay v\u00ec t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tom_tat\"><\/span>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. C\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd phong ph\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u00ec lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng th\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, h\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m phong ph\u00fa trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 danh ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n, ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n, v.v&#8230; b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9&#8230;? G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":71876,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58830"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58830"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58830\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71880,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58830\/revisions\/71880"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58830"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}