{"id":71204,"date":"2025-07-31T20:28:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T11:28:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/?p=71204"},"modified":"2025-09-28T15:17:36","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T06:17:36","slug":"director-thirdparty-liability-japan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba trong Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb khi h\u1ecd g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd b\u1ecf qua ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 xem x\u00e9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111ang h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1p l\u00fd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p khi giao d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Co_so_phap_ly_va_muc_dich_cua_Dieu_429_Luat_Cong_ty_Nhat_Ban\" title=\"C\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Noi_dung_va_doi_tuong_ap_dung_cua_Dieu_429_Luat_Cong_ty\" title=\"N\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty\">N\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Tinh_chat_%E2%80%9CTrach_nhiem_phap_ly_dac_biet%E2%80%9D_va_muc_dich_bao_ve_ben_thu_ba\" title=\"T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t &#8220;Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221; v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t &#8220;Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221; v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Moi_quan_he_voi_trach_nhiem_ve_hanh_vi_pham_phap_theo_Bo_luat_Dan_su\" title=\"M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p theo B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1\">M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p theo B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Yeu_cau_trach_nhiem_boi_thuong_thiet_hai_cua_can_bo_cong_ty_doi_voi_ben_thu_ba_theo_Luat_Cong_ty_Nhat_Ban\" title=\"Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba theo Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba theo Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Su_ton_tai_cua_hanh_vi_lo_la_nhiem_vu\" title=\"S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi l\u01a1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5\">S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi l\u01a1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Ac_y_hoac_loi_lam_nghiem_trong\" title=\"\u00c1c \u00fd ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng\">\u00c1c \u00fd ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Thiet_hai_phat_sinh_doi_voi_ben_thu_ba_va_moi_quan_he_nhan_qua_hop_ly\" title=\"Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd\">Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Pham_vi_va_Trach_nhiem_Lien_doi_cua_Cac_Quan_Chuc_Co_Trach_Nhiem\" title=\"Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m Li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Quan Ch\u1ee9c C\u00f3 Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m\">Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m Li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Quan Ch\u1ee9c C\u00f3 Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Giai_thich_cac_Phan_quyet_Quan_trong\" title=\"Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft Quan tr\u1ecdng\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft Quan tr\u1ecdng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Quan_diem_cua_Toa_an_Toi_cao_ve_tinh_chat_phap_ly_va_pham_vi_thiet_hai_theo_Dieu_429_Luat_Cong_ty_Nhat_Ban\" title=\"Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\">Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Tieu_chuan_danh_gia_quyet_dinh_quan_ly_va_so_suat_trong_nhiem_vu\" title=\"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Su_Phat_Trien_Cua_Cac_Phan_Quyet_Lien_Quan_Den_Yeu_Cau_Boi_Thuong_Thiet_Hai_Cua_Co_Dong_Duoi_Luat_Cong_Ty_Nhat_Ban\" title=\"S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Ph\u00e1n Quy\u1ebft Li\u00ean Quan \u0110\u1ebfn Y\u00eau C\u1ea7u B\u1ed3i Th\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u1ec7t H\u1ea1i C\u1ee7a C\u1ed5 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng Ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\">S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Ph\u00e1n Quy\u1ebft Li\u00ean Quan \u0110\u1ebfn Y\u00eau C\u1ea7u B\u1ed3i Th\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u1ec7t H\u1ea1i C\u1ee7a C\u1ed5 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng Ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Cac_phan_quyet_lien_quan_den_pham_vi_trach_nhiem_cua_cac_can_bo_co_trach_nhiem_tai_Nhat_Ban\" title=\"C\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\">C\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Quyet_dinh_cua_Toa_an_Toi_cao_Nhat_Ban_ve_Tien_Phat_Cham_Tre\" title=\"Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1ea1t Ch\u1eadm Tr\u1ec5\">Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1ea1t Ch\u1eadm Tr\u1ec5<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Mien_tru_trach_nhiem_va_thoi_hieu_xoa_bo\" title=\"Mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u x\u00f3a b\u1ecf\">Mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#He_thong_hop_dong_gioi_han_trach_nhiem\" title=\"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Thoi_hieu_xoa_bo_quyen_yeu_cau_boi_thuong_thiet_hai\" title=\"Th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u x\u00f3a b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i\">Th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u x\u00f3a b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/director-thirdparty-liability-japan\/#Tom_luoc\" title=\"T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\">T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_so_phap_ly_va_muc_dich_cua_Dieu_429_Luat_Cong_ty_Nhat_Ban\"><\/span>C\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_dung_va_doi_tuong_ap_dung_cua_Dieu_429_Luat_Cong_ty\"><\/span>N\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u 429, kho\u1ea3n 1 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, &#8220;Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba&#8221; <sup><\/sup>. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef &#8220;th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1&#8221; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u00ean, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n k\u1ebf to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n vi\u00ean <sup><\/sup>. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kho\u1ea3n 2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, tr\u1eeb khi ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u01a1 l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, ghi ch\u00e9p, \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m <sup><\/sup>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh cho ph\u00eda c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, lu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba <sup><\/sup>. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_%E2%80%9CTrach_nhiem_phap_ly_dac_biet%E2%80%9D_va_muc_dich_bao_ve_ben_thu_ba\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t &#8220;Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221; v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 &#8220;Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221; theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd <sup><\/sup>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty (theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 423 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty) <sup><\/sup>. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do s\u1ef1 sao nh\u00e3ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh <sup><\/sup>. X\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y <sup><\/sup>. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moi_quan_he_voi_trach_nhiem_ve_hanh_vi_pham_phap_theo_Bo_luat_Dan_su\"><\/span>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p theo B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 709 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n <sup><\/sup>. B\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u theo B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh &#8220;h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng&#8221; c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9ng minh so v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba <sup><\/sup>. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yeu_cau_trach_nhiem_boi_thuong_thiet_hai_cua_can_bo_cong_ty_doi_voi_ben_thu_ba_theo_Luat_Cong_ty_Nhat_Ban\"><\/span>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba theo Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_ton_tai_cua_hanh_vi_lo_la_nhiem_vu\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi l\u01a1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 &#8220;h\u00e0nh vi l\u01a1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5&#8221; trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n &#8220;ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1ed1t&#8221; (theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 644 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 330 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) v\u00e0 &#8220;ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 trung th\u00e0nh&#8221; (theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 355 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. Vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi l\u01a1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, &#8220;nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, th\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi l\u01a1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ac_y_hoac_loi_lam_nghiem_trong\"><\/span>\u00c1c \u00fd ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 &#8220;\u00e1c \u00fd&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng&#8221;. &#8220;\u00c1c \u00fd&#8221; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh vi l\u01a1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n &#8220;l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng&#8221; ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebfu suy ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n Qu\u1eadn Tokyo v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1995 v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u00e2n golf, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kinh doanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 &#8220;l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng&#8221;. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ch\u00fa \u00fd cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet_hai_phat_sinh_doi_voi_ben_thu_ba_va_moi_quan_he_nhan_qua_hop_ly\"><\/span>Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi l\u01a1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra &#8220;thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba&#8221; v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh vi l\u01a1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 &#8220;m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd&#8221;. &#8220;B\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba&#8221; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m &#8220;thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp&#8221; (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o trong qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o) m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 &#8220;thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp&#8221; (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00f4ng thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ee3 do ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n) ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 &#8220;b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba&#8221; theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ni\u00eam y\u1ebft, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u1ea5p cao Tokyo v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2005 (v\u1ee5 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m Snow Brand) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n Qu\u1eadn Fukuoka v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1987, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 &#8220;ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221; m\u00e0 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1997 (v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng do ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pham_vi_va_Trach_nhiem_Lien_doi_cua_Cac_Quan_Chuc_Co_Trach_Nhiem\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m Li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Quan Ch\u1ee9c C\u00f3 Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Heisei 17 n\u0103m 2005), tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh: N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u00e1c \u00fd ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh: H\u1ecd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sao nh\u00e3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c danh ngh\u0129a: Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c, theo s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 908, Kho\u1ea3n 2 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m theo s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi nhi\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 430 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu &#8220;tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi&#8221;. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_thich_cac_Phan_quyet_Quan_trong\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft Quan tr\u1ecdng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quan_diem_cua_Toa_an_Toi_cao_ve_tinh_chat_phap_ly_va_pham_vi_thiet_hai_theo_Dieu_429_Luat_Cong_ty_Nhat_Ban\"><\/span>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1969 (1969) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 266 kho\u1ea3n 3 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u0169). Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 mang ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba khi vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba. Tuy nhi\u00ean, x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c vi ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 do \u00e1c \u00fd ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh vi l\u01a1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp (khi c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (khi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp). Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 &#8220;tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221; kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p theo B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tieu_chuan_danh_gia_quyet_dinh_quan_ly_va_so_suat_trong_nhiem_vu\"><\/span>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo trong ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1995 (v\u1ee5 \u00e1n t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft s\u00e2n golf) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 li\u1ec7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 hay kh\u00f4ng. Trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Y2 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Y3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u00e2n golf Y1 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng hay k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft s\u00e2n golf \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. Y2 v\u00e0 Y3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb ph\u00ed gia nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, trong khi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1edd m\u1ecbt, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u00e2n golf b\u1ecb b\u1ebf t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n X, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ecdc. T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd theo ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c Y2 v\u00e0 Y3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 &#8220;sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng&#8221;, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u00e1c \u00fd, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng khi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ch\u00fa \u00fd cao \u0111\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f2a \u00e1n cao c\u1ea5p Osaka trong ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh doanh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u00e9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n khi\u1ebfn s\u00e9c b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u1ee3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t sao \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u00e9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_Phat_Trien_Cua_Cac_Phan_Quyet_Lien_Quan_Den_Yeu_Cau_Boi_Thuong_Thiet_Hai_Cua_Co_Dong_Duoi_Luat_Cong_Ty_Nhat_Ban\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Ph\u00e1n Quy\u1ebft Li\u00ean Quan \u0110\u1ebfn Y\u00eau C\u1ea7u B\u1ed3i Th\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u1ec7t H\u1ea1i C\u1ee7a C\u1ed5 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng Ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 &#8220;b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba&#8221; theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u1ea5p cao Tokyo ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2005 (v\u1ee5 \u00e1n Snow Brand Food) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty ni\u00eam y\u1ebft, do l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kinh doanh suy gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3m, l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung l\u00e0 n\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c. L\u00fd do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra bao g\u1ed3m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi ph\u1ea1m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc duy tr\u00ec v\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu ra c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng chi ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00ec c\u00f3 &#8220;ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221; m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1u 709 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n Qu\u1eadn Fukuoka ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1987 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 &#8220;ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221; m\u00e0 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. Trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ban gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c l\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng qua ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1u 266-3, kho\u1ea3n 1 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u0169 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh). &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu do ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh khi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng v\u1ed1n c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9p v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu. T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ty. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_phan_quyet_lien_quan_den_pham_vi_trach_nhiem_cua_cac_can_bo_co_trach_nhiem_tai_Nhat_Ban\"><\/span>C\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee9c danh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1973 (1973) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1980 (1980) \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u01a1 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c danh ngh\u0129a, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1972 (1972) \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c tr\u00ean s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, theo m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 908, Kho\u1ea3n 2 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 14 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i). Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c tr\u00ean s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1987 (1987) \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung l\u00e0 sau khi t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu sau khi t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 &#8220;ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221; nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 908, Kho\u1ea3n 2 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n Qu\u1eadn Tokyo ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1980 (1980) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a &#8220;gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf&#8221; &#8211; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c danh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quyet_dinh_cua_Toa_an_Toi_cao_Nhat_Ban_ve_Tien_Phat_Cham_Tre\"><\/span>Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1ea1t Ch\u1eadm Tr\u1ec5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1989 (Heisei 1) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t sinh ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 5% h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn khi c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t sinh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh theo Lu\u1eadt Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mien_tru_trach_nhiem_va_thoi_hieu_xoa_bo\"><\/span>Mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He_thong_hop_dong_gioi_han_trach_nhiem\"><\/span>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Theo Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0110i\u1ec1u 427 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty, tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 &#8220;tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221; nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thoi_hieu_xoa_bo_quyen_yeu_cau_boi_thuong_thiet_hai\"><\/span>Th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u x\u00f3a b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u x\u00f3a b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 167, Kho\u1ea3n 1 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 10 n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u00e0i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (3 n\u0103m), ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tom_luoc\"><\/span>T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u 429 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba do h\u00e0nh vi \u00e1c \u00fd ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 &#8220;tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221; nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 10 n\u0103m, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kinh doanh t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Monolith c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m phong ph\u00fa trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, xin vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Monolith. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cam k\u1ebft h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":71327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,85],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71204"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71204"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71328,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71204\/revisions\/71328"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}