<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb “l\u00fd do kh\u00e1ch quan h\u1ee3p l\u00fd” v\u00e0 “t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd theo quan ni\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt H\u1ee3p \u0110\u1ed3ng Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“L\u00fd do kh\u00e1ch quan h\u1ee3p l\u00fd” ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1ch quan. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 suy \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u1ed9i quy lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong n\u1ed9i quy lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, “t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd theo quan ni\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i” \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do sa th\u1ea3i theo n\u1ed9i quy lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i chung. T\u00f2a \u00e1n s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra cho c\u00f4ng ty, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i sau vi ph\u1ea1m, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n| Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 so s\u00e1nh<\/td> | L\u00fd do kh\u00e1ch quan h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/td> | T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd theo quan ni\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/td><\/tr><\/thead> |
| Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/td> | S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i quy lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td> | S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi<\/td><\/tr> |
| C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t ch\u00ednh<\/td> | Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00fd do k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong n\u1ed9i quy lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng<\/td> | \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y<\/td><\/tr> |
| C\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/td> | \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt H\u1ee3p \u0110\u1ed3ng Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/td> | \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt H\u1ee3p \u0110\u1ed3ng Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a K\u1ef7 Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u00e1n Quy\u1ebft T\u00f2a \u00c1n<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTrong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt sa th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/span>S\u1ef1 Gi\u1ea3 M\u1ea1o L\u00fd L\u1ecbch Ngh\u1ec1 Nghi\u1ec7p D\u01b0\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt do gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o l\u00fd l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, l\u00fd l\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng “th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng” v\u1ec1 l\u00fd l\u1ecbch. Th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd l\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n Tan Ken Seiko (ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1981 (1981)). Trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n “t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng”, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea5u \u0111i vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o l\u00e0 “t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng” \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khai b\u00e1o gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 coi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o l\u00fd l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu l\u00fd l\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ghi l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p” ho\u1eb7c “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n”, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao s\u1ebd b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/span>Vi ph\u1ea1m m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt do vi ph\u1ea1m m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hay th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n Teleden Hokkaido (ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1986 (1986)). Trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00ec t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe chi ti\u1ebft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o sau c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 (ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u1ea5p cao Tokyo ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2019 (2019)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ra l\u1ec7nh nh\u1ed5 c\u1ecf v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t), ho\u1eb7c khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe) nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecf qua v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi ph\u1ea1m m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/span>Embezzlement and Misappropriation in the Workplace Under Japanese Law<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nEmbezzlement and misappropriation of funds by employees are considered extremely serious acts of betrayal that fundamentally destroy the trust relationship with the employer. Therefore, even if the amount of damage is small, there are many cases where disciplinary dismissal is deemed valid. For example, in the case of a bus driver embezzling fares (Nishi-Nippon Railroad Co., Ltd. case, Fukuoka District Court, April 30, 1985 (1985)), disciplinary dismissal was upheld regardless of the amount, due to the nature of the job which requires collecting fares from passengers and demands a high level of integrity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n However, Japanese courts do not simply adopt a zero-tolerance principle. An important case that demonstrates this is the Korin Motors case (Tokyo District Court, February 7, 2006 (2006)). In this case, an employee had fraudulently received a total of approximately 350,000 yen in commuting allowances over about four and a half years, but the disciplinary dismissal was deemed invalid. The court concluded that the dismissal was disproportionate considering the employee’s motive was to compensate for the company’s wage cuts, which was not highly malicious, the company’s management system for commuting allowances was sloppy, and the nature and amount of the fraud did not justify the heavy penalty of dismissal, lacking reasonableness in light of social norms. This case clearly indicates the court’s stance of comprehensively considering the circumstances behind even clear misconduct such as embezzlement and strictly judging the appropriateness of the penalty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/span>H\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nVi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ec3 sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn uy t\u00edn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua v\u1ee5 \u00e1n Yokohama Rubber (ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1970 (1970)). Trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 say x\u1ec9n v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t ti\u1ec1n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp nh\u00e0 \u1edf, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ed1p xe, hay c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn uy t\u00edn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i giao th\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a tin, l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/span>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khi xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt sa th\u1ea3i theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nD\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt sa th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i quy lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ecdi l\u00fd do l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt sa th\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong n\u1ed9i quy lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i quy lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt sa th\u1ea3i s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ch quan. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt sa th\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ch quan, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean suy \u0111o\u00e1n hay tin \u0111\u1ed3n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ee9 ba, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd (c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa) l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 l\u00fd do cho vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i, vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u do l\u1ed7i th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t. K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt sa th\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng ty c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/span>T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nNh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean “l\u00fd do kh\u00e1ch quan h\u1ee3p l\u00fd” v\u00e0 “t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo quan ni\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i” – hai ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 t\u00f2a \u00e1n s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y trong t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd r\u1ea5t cao, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng qua t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0: x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy t\u1eafc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1ch quan, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Monolith c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n cho nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn t\u00e2m cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t quy t\u1eafc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00f2a \u00e1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":71390,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,85],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71389"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71389"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71647,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71389\/revisions\/71647"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |