<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTrong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tinh t\u1ebf t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Lu\u1eadt Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a “ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 9 l\u00e0 “b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng”. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung trong nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt Ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a “ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” l\u00e0 “b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai s\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thu nh\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c” <\/sup>. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng” nh\u01b0 trong Lu\u1eadt Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\nS\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” theo Lu\u1eadt Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0m th\u00eam gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p <\/sup>. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Lu\u1eadt Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb hai g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng: Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t h\u01a1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nD\u00f9 trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5 l\u00e0 “h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng giao kho\u00e1n” hay “h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7u”, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. T\u00f2a \u00e1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn “\u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t” n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 theo lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “B\u00e1o c\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” (sau \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 1985 (Showa 60)”) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft t\u00f2a \u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh sau n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 1985 (Showa 60) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh hai t\u1ea7ng c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn “t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng”, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u 9 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng”. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: “lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t” v\u00e0 “t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng”. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. S\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a khung gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m cho th\u1ea5y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qua t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft t\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n trong c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n: C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a “T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng”<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n“T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f2a \u00e1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n“Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t” kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. S\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111a chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>T\u1ef1 do ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\/ ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nD\u00f9 tr\u00ean h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 huy gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sau \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eefa, th\u00ec “quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do” \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 danh ngh\u0129a. Trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo b\u1ea3ng ca v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e9p, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd (T\u00f2a \u00e1n cao c\u1ea5p Tokyo, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2018). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn “\u0111i l\u00e0m”, “li\u00ean l\u1ea1c (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i)” ho\u1eb7c “ngh\u1ec9”, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Osaka, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Ch\u1ec9 huy gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o chi ti\u1ebft, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 huy gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i theo s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn do tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c tham gia \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 huy gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn (T\u00f2a \u00e1n cao c\u1ea5p Nagoya, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2020). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 cho quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 huy gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu (T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nVi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 huy gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. Ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb th\u1eddi gian, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed9p b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u1ebft h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng, t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1997, v\u1ee5 \u00e1n Tao Human Systems).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nVi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cao, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 huy gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p (\uff1dti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng) hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n theo gi\u1edd, theo ng\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c theo th\u00e1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t “ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng”. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m do v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t theo s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edd (nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc “kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng”), ho\u1eb7c khi c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n cho gi\u1edd l\u00e0m th\u00eam, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf to\u00e1n vi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t (Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hoa h\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean doanh s\u1ed1, ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n th\u00f9 lao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng trong giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean l\u00e0 hoa h\u1ed3ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, bao g\u1ed3m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nD\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn “t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng”, \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hay kh\u00f4ng. Trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00f2a \u00e1n s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>C\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nT\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro trong vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh chi tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd s\u1edf h\u1eefng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u1eb7ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ti\u1ebfp theo, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thu nh\u1eadp c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty hay kh\u00f4ng. Thu nh\u1eadp cao n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro kinh doanh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 kinh doanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nN\u1ebfu m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cao, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn thu nh\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 cao v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nNgo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1ch quan cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb thu\u1ebf t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 tham gia b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m tai n\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m h\u01b0u tr\u00ed) hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft T\u1ed1i cao: V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c S\u1edf Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Yokohama Minami<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nL\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1996 (v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c S\u1edf Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Yokohama Minami) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tai n\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c S\u1edf Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi l\u00fd do ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i x\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i x\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khung x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ee3i \u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u1ebfp theo, v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00e0i x\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t coi tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 “t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t doanh nghi\u1ec7p”. T\u00e0i x\u1ebf s\u1edf h\u1eefu chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n, t\u1ef1 chi tr\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed nh\u01b0 x\u0103ng, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb thu\u1ebf t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i x\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a anh ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t doanh nghi\u1ec7p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m cho ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 do<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nS\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a “ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 do” (gig workers), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qua c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi cho khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao h\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 giao th\u1ee9c \u0103n nh\u01b0 Uber Eats \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n do c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean giao h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Uber Eats th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean giao h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. Trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u1ee6y ban Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Tokyo \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022 r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean giao h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” theo Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00fd do nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean giao h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ty quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qua \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a “ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” trong Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m th\u00eam gi\u1edd hay m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u theo Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hay kh\u00f4ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00e1n l\u1ec7 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean giao h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1m ng\u1eebng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf), m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u00e1nh ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t” hay kh\u00f4ng, hay vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean giao h\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c xe m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t doanh nghi\u1ec7p” v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3 r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 theo Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>B\u1ea3ng So S\u00e1nh C\u00e1c Y\u1ebfu T\u1ed1 X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKhi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n| Y\u1ebfu T\u1ed1 X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/td> | C\u00e1c T\u00ecnh Hu\u1ed1ng H\u01b0\u1edbng T\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7c Kh\u1eb3ng \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/td> | C\u00e1c T\u00ecnh Hu\u1ed1ng H\u01b0\u1edbng T\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadn T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/td><\/tr><\/thead> |
| T\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i<\/td> | Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i.<\/td> | C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t.<\/td><\/tr> |
| Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/td> | Nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, v.v.).<\/td> | C\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng).<\/td><\/tr> |
| R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td> | Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec3m danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng, ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v.v.).<\/td> | Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/td><\/tr> |
| Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf<\/td> | B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/td> | \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/td><\/tr> |
| B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td> | \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng theo gi\u1edd ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb khi v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t.<\/td> | \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hoa h\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n).<\/td><\/tr> |
| T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/td> | C\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chi tr\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed ch\u00ednh.<\/td> | S\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu chi ph\u00ed (t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n).<\/td><\/tr> |
| T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/td> | Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/td> | Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eam nhi\u1ec7m.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTrong lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” hay kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111a chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng”, trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Khung quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u00e1n l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch do s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 gig work, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Monolith c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n phong ph\u00fa cho nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd c\u00f4ng ty, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho “ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng”. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":71548,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,85],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71547"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71547"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71722,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71547\/revisions\/71722"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71548"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |