{"id":71586,"date":"2025-10-12T15:40:47","date_gmt":"2025-10-12T06:40:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/?p=71586"},"modified":"2025-10-19T14:55:37","modified_gmt":"2025-10-19T05:55:37","slug":"copyright-law-definition-japan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/copyright-law-definition-japan","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a &#8220;T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221; trong Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00f2a \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221; l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 &#8220;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221;, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, n\u1ed9i dung trang web, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &#8220;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221; hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u 2, Kho\u1ea3n 1, M\u1ee5c 1 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Japanese Copyright Law) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a &#8220;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221; l\u00e0 &#8220;s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c&#8221;. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang trong t\u1eebng v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a &#8220;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221;, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u00e9t x\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a &#8220;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221; th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t &#8220;\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac&#8221;, c\u00f3 &#8220;t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o&#8221;, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8220;bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t&#8221; v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 &#8220;l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c&#8221;, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kinh doanh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u00e9t x\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/copyright-law-definition-japan\/#Dinh_nghia_phap_ly_ve_%E2%80%9CTac_pham%E2%80%9D_theo_Luat_Ban_quyen_Nhat_Ban\" title=\"\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 &#8220;T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221; theo Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 &#8220;T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221; theo Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/copyright-law-definition-japan\/#%E3%80%8CTu_tuong_hoac_cam_xuc%E3%80%8D%E2%80%94_San_pham_cua_hoat_dong_tinh_than_con_nguoi\" title=\"\u300cT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac\u300d\u2014 S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\">\u300cT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac\u300d\u2014 S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/copyright-law-definition-japan\/#%E3%80%8CSang_tao%E3%80%8D%E2%80%94_Bieu_hien_ca_tinh_cua_nguoi_tao_tac\" title=\"\u300cS\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u300d\u2014 Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c\">\u300cS\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u300d\u2014 Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/copyright-law-definition-japan\/#%E3%80%8CBieu_Dat%E3%80%8D%E2%80%94_Nguyen_Tac_Phan_Biet_Giua_Y_Tuong_va_Bieu_Dat\" title=\"\u300cBi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1t\u300d\u2014 Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Gi\u1eefa \u00dd T\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1t\">\u300cBi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1t\u300d\u2014 Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Gi\u1eefa \u00dd T\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/copyright-law-definition-japan\/#%E3%80%8CVan_hoc_Hoc_thuat_My_thuat_hoac_Am_nhac%E3%80%8D%E2%80%94_Pham_vi_cua_Tai_san_Van_hoa_Tri_tue\" title=\"\u300cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc, H\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c\u300d\u2014 Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n V\u0103n h\u00f3a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\">\u300cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc, H\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c\u300d\u2014 Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n V\u0103n h\u00f3a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/copyright-law-definition-japan\/#Ranh_gioi_giua_nhung_gi_duoc_bao_ho_va_khong_duoc_bao_ho_boi_quyen_tac_gia_o_Nhat_Ban\" title=\"Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\">Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/general-corporate\/copyright-law-definition-japan\/#Tong_ket\" title=\"T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft\">T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinh_nghia_phap_ly_ve_%E2%80%9CTac_pham%E2%80%9D_theo_Luat_Ban_quyen_Nhat_Ban\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 &#8220;T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221; theo Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a &#8220;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221; &#8211; \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 &#8211; trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 2, Kho\u1ea3n 1, M\u1ee5c 1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m theo lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 theo lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. B\u1ed1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>N\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0 &#8220;\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 t\u00ednh &#8220;s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u00e0 &#8220;s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 &#8220;l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 t\u00f2a \u00e1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E3%80%8CTu_tuong_hoac_cam_xuc%E3%80%8D%E2%80%94_San_pham_cua_hoat_dong_tinh_than_con_nguoi\"><\/span>\u300cT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac\u300d\u2014 S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng &#8220;t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac&#8221; c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng&#8221; ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, ph\u00e1t minh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 danh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh theo lu\u1eadt h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft t\u00f2a \u00e1n, ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0110i\u1ec1u 10, Kho\u1ea3n 2 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Japanese Copyright Law) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng &#8220;c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tin v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1987 (1987) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u1eabu. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1965 (1965) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 an to\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u1ed9i dung mang t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1978 (1978) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &#8220;t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221;, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E3%80%8CSang_tao%E3%80%8D%E2%80%94_Bieu_hien_ca_tinh_cua_nguoi_tao_tac\"><\/span>\u300cS\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u300d\u2014 Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 &#8220;s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o&#8221;, trong lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao, t\u00ednh m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 hay \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a &#8220;c\u00e1 t\u00ednh&#8221; n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t hay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a &#8220;s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau t\u1ef1 do trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t. Khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t b\u1edfi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hay ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2022 (Reiwa 4) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0. T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 t\u00ean t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, t\u00ean c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2000 (Heisei 12) trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n &#8220;C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Trang v\u00e0ng&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf t\u1eebng th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, m\u00e0 \u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, danh b\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i (Trang Hello) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o do thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Osaka ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2024 (Reiwa 6) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n cho nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m trang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00f3 &#8220;s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i&#8221; v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, khi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Tokyo ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2022 (Reiwa 4) trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n &#8220;Cu\u1ed1n nem ch\u1ea3 gi\u00f2&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nem ch\u1ea3 gi\u00f2 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o do c\u00f3 \u00edt l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u1ea5p cao S\u1edf h\u1eefu Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2015 (Heisei 27) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh &#8220;Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nghe ti\u1ebfng Anh nh\u01b0 nghe nh\u1ea1c&#8221; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng &#8220;T\u00f4i an t\u00e2m h\u01a1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f9i m\u1eb9 &#8211; Gh\u1ebf an to\u00e0n cho tr\u1ebb em&#8221; do c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E3%80%8CBieu_Dat%E3%80%8D%E2%80%94_Nguyen_Tac_Phan_Biet_Giua_Y_Tuong_va_Bieu_Dat\"><\/span>\u300cBi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1t\u300d\u2014 Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Gi\u1eefa \u00dd T\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t&#8221;. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t&#8221;. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i chung m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau &#8220;\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2001 (2001) trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n &#8220;Esashi Oiwake&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 minh h\u1ecda r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y. Trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft phi h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Esashi \u1edf Hokkaido, n\u01a1i t\u1eebng th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1edd ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft herring, sau \u0111\u00f3 suy t\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang h\u1ed3i sinh nh\u1edd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c thi d\u00e2n ca &#8220;Esashi Oiwake&#8221; h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n. L\u00fd l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 khung c\u1ea3nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n &#8220;th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2192 suy t\u00e0n \u2192 t\u00e1i sinh&#8221; l\u00e0 &#8220;\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 &#8220;bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. \u0110\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8220;\u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t&#8221; c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u1ea5p cao v\u1ec1 S\u1edf h\u1eefu Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2012 (2012) trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n &#8220;Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00e2u c\u00e1&#8221;, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh &#8220;m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u2192 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e2u c\u00e1 \u2192 n\u00e9m c\u1ea7n \u2192 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e2u&#8221; ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 &#8220;\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221; li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00e2u c\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c &#8220;bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t&#8221; c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u00e9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec &#8220;\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221; v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, trong khi &#8220;bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t&#8221; qua m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E3%80%8CVan_hoc_Hoc_thuat_My_thuat_hoac_Am_nhac%E3%80%8D%E2%80%94_Pham_vi_cua_Tai_san_Van_hoa_Tri_tue\"><\/span>\u300cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc, H\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c\u300d\u2014 Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n V\u0103n h\u00f3a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 &#8220;v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c&#8221;. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c &#8220;m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng&#8221;, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tranh ch\u1ea5p quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xung quanh m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n chia gi\u1eefa lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i c\u1ed9m. T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n S\u1edf h\u1eefu Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 C\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2021 (2021) trong &#8220;v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u00ecnh b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c&#8221;. Trong v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ebb) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 &#8220;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt&#8221; theo lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8220;t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t&#8221; v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u00ecnh b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra xem x\u00e9t, t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u01a1i, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt theo lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd theo lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 theo lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean \u00e1o T-shirt hay hoa v\u0103n tr\u00ean v\u1ea3i ch\u0103n ga, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1o T-shirt hay ch\u0103n ga, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ranh_gioi_giua_nhung_gi_duoc_bao_ho_va_khong_duoc_bao_ho_boi_quyen_tac_gia_o_Nhat_Ban\"><\/span>Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa &#8220;bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 &#8220;\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221; hay &#8220;s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&#8221; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/th><th>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/th><th>V\u1ee5 \u00e1n li\u00ean quan<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u1ea9n d\u1ee5<\/td><td>C\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/td><td>V\u1ee5 \u00e1n Esashi Oiwake<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0<\/td><td>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td><td>V\u1ee5 \u00e1n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c<\/td><td>Lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/td><td>V\u1ee5 \u00e1n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00e2u c\u00e1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/td><td>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/td><td>Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Osaka ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2024<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slogan an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/td><td>C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/td><td>V\u1ee5 \u00e1n kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng \/ V\u1ee5 \u00e1n Speed Learning<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda in tr\u00ean \u00e1o T-shirt<\/td><td>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td><td>V\u1ee5 \u00e1n c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u00ecnh b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket\"><\/span>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a &#8220;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&#8221; theo Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ed1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Monolith c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m cung c\u1ea5p l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 phong ph\u00fa cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i dung, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh doanh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n. Xin h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, kh\u00e1i  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":71587,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,85],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71586"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71586"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71683,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71586\/revisions\/71683"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}