{"id":73801,"date":"2025-10-09T01:46:09","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T16:46:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/zh-tw\/?p=73801"},"modified":"2025-10-14T16:40:08","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T07:40:08","slug":"merchant-concept-japan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/zh-tw\/general-corporate\/merchant-concept-japan","title":{"rendered":"\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u6cd5\u4e2d\u300c\u5546\u4eba\u300d\u8207\u300c\u71df\u696d\u300d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u7fa9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u6216\u8a08\u5283\u9032\u884c\u5546\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f01\u696d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6e96\u78ba\u7406\u89e3\u300c\u5546\u4eba\u300d\u8207\u300c\u71df\u696d\u300d\u9019\u5169\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u5f8b\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u5be6\u73fe\u9806\u66a2\u696d\u52d9\u904b\u71df\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u5225\u6cd5\uff0c\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e86\u70ba\u78ba\u4fdd\u5546\u696d\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u800c\u7279\u5225\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3002\u800c\u9069\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u5546\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5373\u70ba\u300c\u5546\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u67d0\u500b\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u6cd5\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5c6c\u65bc\u300c\u5546\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u5c07\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u9069\u7528\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u50b5\u6b0a\u7684\u6642\u6548\u671f\u9593\u7b49\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5546\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7522\u751f\u7684\u50b5\u6b0a\u53ef\u80fd\u9069\u7528\u6bd4\u6c11\u6cd5\u50b5\u6b0a\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u6d88\u6ec5\u6642\u6548\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u5c0d\u624b\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u300c\u5546\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5546\u696d\u5be6\u52d9\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6975\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u57fa\u65bc\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6cd5\u689d\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u88c1\u5224\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c08\u696d\u4e14\u6613\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u6cd5\u6240\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u5546\u4eba\u300d\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u69cb\u6210\u300c\u5546\u4eba\u300d\u6d3b\u52d5\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u300c\u71df\u696d\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div 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class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%A2%AB%E8%A6%96%E7%82%BA%E3%80%8C%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%AF%84%E5%9C%8D\"><\/span>\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6cd5\u4e0b\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5546\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u7bc4\u570d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u6cd5\u5c07\u300c\u5546\u4eba\u300d\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u985e\u5225\u3002\u4e00\u985e\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u524d\u8ff0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u56fa\u6709\u5546\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u985e\u5247\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7d93\u71df\u5f62\u614b\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u64ec\u5236\u5546\u4eba\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fa\u6709\u5546\u4eba\u6839\u64da\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u6cd5\u7b2c4\u689d\u7b2c1\u9805\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u300c\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5546\u696d\u884c\u70ba\u4f5c\u70ba\u696d\u52d9\u7684\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u9019\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5176\u696d\u52d9\u6838\u5fc3\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u300c\u5546\u696d\u884c\u70ba\u300d\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u56fa\u6709\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u64ec\u5236\u5546\u4eba\u5247\u662f\u6839\u64da\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u6cd5\u7b2c4\u689d\u7b2c2\u9805\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u3002\u8a72\u689d\u6587\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52d5\u5728\u56b4\u683c\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u5546\u696d\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f46\u300c\u900f\u904e\u5e97\u92ea\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u4f3c\u8a2d\u65bd\u92b7\u552e\u5546\u54c1\u4f5c\u70ba\u696d\u52d9\u7684\u4eba\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7926\u696d\u7684\u4eba\u300d\u4e5f\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5546\u4eba\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u898f\u5b9a\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\uff0c\u696d\u52d9\u7684\u5916\u5728\u5f62\u614b\u6216\u8a2d\u65bd\u5177\u5099\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u4ea4\u6613\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5546\u696d\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u7a2e\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u8b93\u672c\u6240\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fb2\u592b\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7530\u5730\u88e1\u6536\u7a6b\u7684\u852c\u83dc\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5e97\u92ea\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5728\u8def\u908a\u92b7\u552e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5546\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u4e00\u8fb2\u592b\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u5e97\u92ea\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u6301\u7e8c\u92b7\u552e\u852c\u83dc\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8a72\u8fb2\u592b\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u900f\u904e\u5e97\u92ea\u92b7\u552e\u5546\u54c1\u4f5c\u70ba\u696d\u52d9\u7684\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u64ec\u5236\u5546\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u92b7\u552e\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u7522\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e97\u92ea\u9019\u7a2e\u5546\u696d\u8a2d\u65bd\u9032\u884c\u696d\u52d9\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5c07\u8a72\u4eba\u7f6e\u65bc\u5546\u6cd5\u898f\u7bc4\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6839\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%82%BA%E4%BD%95%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E8%A2%AB%E8%A6%96%E7%82%BA%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA\"><\/span>\u70ba\u4f55\u516c\u53f8\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5546\u4eba<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\uff08Japan&#8217;s Companies Act\uff09\u6240\u8a2d\u7acb\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u5951\u7d04\u516c\u53f8\u7b49\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5546\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u7d50\u8ad6\u901a\u904e\u7406\u89e3\u65e5\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9069\u7528\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u822c\u6cd5\u548c\u7279\u5225\u6cd5\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u898f\u7bc4\u79c1\u4eba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u6cd5\uff08Japanese Civil Code\uff09\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u6cd5\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5c08\u9580\u91dd\u5c0d\u5546\u696d\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u6cd5\uff08Japanese Commercial Code\uff09\u5247\u662f\u6c11\u6cd5\u7684\u300c\u7279\u5225\u6cd5\u300d\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u516c\u53f8\u76f8\u95dc\u4e8b\u9805\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u5247\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ba\u5546\u6cd5\u7684\u300c\u7279\u5225\u6cd5\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u67d0\u4e00\u4e8b\u9805\u540c\u6642\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u548c\u5546\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6709\u898f\u5b9a\u6642\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7279\u5225\u6cd5\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u5c07\u512a\u5148\u9069\u7528\u3002\u9069\u7528\u9806\u5e8f\u70ba\u300c\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5 &gt; \u5546\u6cd5 &gt; 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class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u516c\u53f8\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u64c1\u6709\u6cd5\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d44\u7e54\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u5546\u4eba\u7bc4\u7587\u3002\u4fe1\u7528\u91d1\u5eab\u548c\u8fb2\u696d\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u7b49\u5354\u540c\u7d44\u7e54\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb\u4fbf\u662f\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u51f8\u986f\u51fa\u5546\u4eba\u672c\u8cea\u4e2d\u300c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u6f64\u300d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5224\u6c7a\u4e2d\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u4fe1\u7528\u91d1\u5eab\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u57281988\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c63\u5e74\uff0910\u670818\u65e5\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u4e2d\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4fe1\u7528\u91d1\u5eab\u7684\u696d\u52d9\u4e26\u975e\u4ee5\u71df\u5229\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5546\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5c0d\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u5176\u6839\u64da\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u4fe1\u7528\u91d1\u5eab\u6839\u64da\u4fe1\u7528\u91d1\u5eab\u6cd5\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u9032\u5730\u5340\u793e\u6703\u7e41\u69ae\u548c\u6703\u54e1\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u6276\u52a9\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u975e\u71df\u5229\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u7a2e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u5340\u5206\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u722d\u8b70\u4e2d\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u5177\u9ad4\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u7528\u91d1\u5eab\u5ef6\u9072\u652f\u4ed8\u5b58\u6b3e\u6642\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u9072\u5ef6\u640d\u5bb3\u91d1\u5229\u7387\u6210\u70ba\u722d\u9ede\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u7528\u91d1\u5eab\u662f\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u4e14\u8a72\u5b58\u6b3e\u5408\u7d04\u5c6c\u65bc\u5546\u696d\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u61c9\u8a72\u9069\u7528\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u6cd5\u7b2c514\u689d\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u5546\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5229\u7387\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4fe1\u7528\u91d1\u5eab\u4e0d\u662f\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u8a72\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u5546\u696d\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u61c9\u8a72\u9069\u7528\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u6cd5\u6240\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5229\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u4e00\u500b\u6cd5\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u5546\u4eba\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u5206\u985e\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u91d1\u9322\u50b5\u52d9\u7684\u91d1\u984d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e00\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u7ae0\u7a0b\u6216\u8a2d\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u5426\u8868\u660e\u5176\u6839\u672c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u300c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u6f64\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u6276\u52a9\u300d\u7b49\u975e\u71df\u5229\u6027\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%9B%BA%E6%9C%89%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%87%E6%93%AC%E5%88%B6%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83\"><\/span>\u56fa\u6709\u5546\u4eba\u8207\u64ec\u5236\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6574\u7406\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\u6240\u89e3\u8aaa\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u5546\u4eba\u8207\u64ec\u5236\u5546\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u8868\u683c\u3002\u8a72\u8868\u683c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5169\u8005\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u64da\u3001\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u5546\u696d\u884c\u70ba\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5dee\u7570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>\u6bd4\u8f03\u9805\u76ee<\/td><td>\u56fa\u6709\u5546\u4eba<\/td><td>\u64ec\u5236\u5546\u4eba<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u6839\u64da\u689d\u6587<\/td><td>\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u6cd5(\u65e5\u672c)\u7b2c4\u689d\u7b2c1\u9805<\/td><td>\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u6cd5(\u65e5\u672c)\u7b2c4\u689d\u7b2c2\u9805<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8981\u4ef6<\/td><td>\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5546\u696d\u884c\u70ba\u70ba\u696d<\/td><td>\u2460\u900f\u904e\u5e97\u92ea\u7b49\u8a2d\u65bd\u92b7\u552e\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u2461\u7d93\u71df\u7926\u696d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8207\u5546\u696d\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<\/td><td>\u4ee5\u7d93\u71df\u5546\u696d\u884c\u70ba\u70ba\u524d\u63d0<\/td><td>\u7d93\u71df\u5546\u696d\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6\"><\/span>\u95dc\u65bc\u65e5\u672c\u5c0f\u5546\u4eba\u5236\u5ea6<span 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